BOTAJSIVAL TERMS. 



The sepals differ less in appearance from ordinary 

 leaves than any of the other parts. The petals resemble 

 foliage-leaves in shape, but are mostly bright-coloured 

 instead of green, and tliey are often sweet-scented. 

 Sepals and petals together axe protective organs, and they 

 also serve to attract insects. 



Stamens are leaf-forms in which the filament answers 

 to the petiole, and the anther to the blade, as shown in 

 Fig. 216." 



Carpels are leaf-forms folded lengthwise more or less 

 completely, as shown in Fig. 217. 



Stamens and carpels are essential organs, and are 

 directly concerned in the production of seed. 



FLORAL DIAGRAMS. 



By a floral diagram is meant the plan of a flower as exhibited 

 in a cross-section. It should show tlie number and relative 

 position of all the floral organs. The position of sepals, 

 petals, and stamens is commonly easy to fix, but the true 

 position of the carpels presents a little more difficulty. The 

 ovary must be cut across with a sharp knife while some 

 other organ (say the calyx) is stiU in position, and the 

 relative situation of the carpels must then be carefully 

 observed. The aestivation of calyx and corolla maj^ also be 

 shown to advantage in a floral diagram. 



A number of examples of these diagrams are given in the 

 margin, and the pupil should make the construction of such 

 diagrams a regular part of his work. 



Fig. 218 is a diagram of a Mint flower. 



L. 



Fig. 219 " " 



Fig. 220 " *' 



Fig. 221 " " 



Fig. 222 " " 



Fig. 223 " " 



Fig. 224 " " 



Fig. 225 '' " 



Leguminous flower. 



Marsh Marigold. 



Melon (staminate). 



Melon (pistillate). 



Composite flower. 



Iris. 



Grass flower. 



Fii,'. 220. 



Fig. 222. 



Fig. 217. 



Fig. 221. 



FifT. 223. 



Fig. 224. 



Fig. 220. 



