4l' 



aLu:Si>ABy OF 



0. Old- Witch Grass. 



This g^ass is to be found everj'where in sandy soil and in 

 cultivated grounds. The leaves are very hairj', and the 

 panicle very large, compound, and loose, the pedicels 

 being extremely slender. Of the two glumes one is much 

 larger than the other. Unless you are careful you will 

 regard the spikelets as 1-tlowered; observe, however. 

 that in addition to the one manifestly perfect flower tlici'c 

 is an extra paid Mote. This palet (which is very much 

 like the larger glume) is a rudimentary or abortive second 

 flower, and the spikelet may be described as 1 i-flowered. 



'■ Barnyard Grass. 



This is a stout, coarse plant, common in manured soil. It is 

 from one to four feet in height, and branches from the 

 base. The spikelets form dense spikes, and these are 

 crowded in a dense panicle which is rough with stiff 

 hairs. The structure of the spikelets is much the same 

 as in Old-Witch Gi-ass, but the palet of the neutral flower 

 is pointed with a rough awn or bristle. 



s. Foxtail. 



In the common Fo.xiail the inflorescence is apparently a dense, 

 bristlj", cylindrical spike. In reality, however, it is a 

 spikeil panicle, the spikelets being much the same as in 

 Barnyard Grass, but their pedicels are prolonged beyond 

 them into awn-like bristles. In this plant the bristles 

 are in clusters and are barbed upward.^;. 'J'lw spikes are 

 tatruii-tjeUow in colour. 



THE PLANT-BODY GENERALLY, 

 And the Functions of its Parts. 



T)t' ^iGrher plants, such as phanerogams, are found to be 

 le up of four distinct kinds of memljers, as follows : 

 A. — Roar: embracing the ordinary" subterranean forms as 

 previously described, and certain aerial forms, together 

 with those of parasitic plants which feed upon other 

 living organisms The root differs from the stem in 

 several imfiortant re.>^pects : 



fa) It i.«j tij)|)ed with a mass of hardene<l cells consti- 

 tuting the r<K4-cap (Fig. 243, a). This protects the 

 young root as it makes its way through the soil, and it 

 is replaced from the inside as fast as it is worn awaj- on 

 the outside. 



(^b> The growth of the root in lengtii is accomplished 

 by additions io Hh ejctrfvtity, immediately l>ehind the 

 root -cup. 



