KkY to TllK i^AMILlES OK OuDKKS. 



CLASS II. MUNOCOTVLKDUNS. 



Distinguished ordinarily by having straight-veined 

 leaves (though occasionally net-veined ones), an<l the 

 parts of the Howers in threes, ne\ er in fives. Wood 

 never forming rings, but interspersed in separate bun- 

 dles throughout the stem. Cotyledon oul}- 1. 



I. SI'ADICEOUS DH^ISION. 



Flowers collectetl on a spadix, with or without a 

 spathe or sheathing bract. Leaves sometimes net- 

 veinetl. 



Arace-K — Herbs (either flag-like marsh-plants, 

 or terrestrial,) with pungent juice, and simple 

 or compound leaves, these sonietimus net- 

 veinetl. Spidix usually (but not always) ac- 

 companied by a sp:ithe. Flowers either with- 

 out a perianth of any kind, or with 4-6 sepals 143 



T\'FHAC'K.t".. — Aquatic or marsh plants, with linear 

 str;iight-veined leaves erect or floating, and 

 niouiecious Howers. Heads of flowers cylin- 

 drical or globular, no spathe, and no floral 

 envelopes 144 



LKMNACE.t- — Small a<juatic8, freely floating about 144 



N.viADACK.t:. — Immersed aquatics. Stems branch- 

 ing and leafy. Flowers perfect, in spikes, 

 generally on the surface 145 



II. PETALOIDEOUS DIVISION. 



Flowers not collected on a spadix, furnished witli a 

 corolla-like, or occasionally herbaceous, perianth. 



\. I'lTinnlli Hnperior (nilliereiil to tin- ovar>>. 



» Flowers dictcioug or i>olyffamous, rviji'.lar. 



HYnRorHAKlOAC'K.t:. — Aquatics. Pistillate flowers 



only alwive water ; perianth of 6 pieces 148 



IHosfuRKACE.*:. — Twiners, from knotted root- 

 stocks. Leaves heart-shaped, net-veined. 

 I'od with 3 large wings 157 



♦ ♦ Fiowers perfect. 



ORCHlDACEiC — Stamens 1 or 2, gynandrons. 



Flowers irregular . 110 



lRir«A<K,,E. — .Stamens 3 155 



AMARVi.Lii>A<F.,y —Stamens 6. Flowers on a scape 



Iroiii a bulb 156 



It. I'criantli liiTerior (Tree Troiii llie ovaryK 



Ali.smace.*:. — Pistil apocarpous ; carpels in a ring 



or head, leaves with distinct petiole and blade 147 



SMii.Ai'K.t;. — Climbing plants, with alternate 

 rilibed and net-veined petioled leaves. 

 Flowers dicecious 157 



Triglochin, in 



Ali.smack K. — Rush-like mar.sh herbs. Flowers in 

 a spike or raceme. Carpels when ripe split- 

 ting away from a persistent axis 147 



LlM.ACE.K. — I'erianth of similar <livisions or lobes, 

 mostly 6, but in one ca.sc 4. One stamen iu 

 front of each division, the stamens similar . . . 158 



Trillium, in 



LiLiAi'K.f.. — Perianth of 3 green sepals and three 



colored petals . 158 



PoxTKDEKiACK.E. — Stamens 6, 3 long and 3 short. 



Perianth (blue or yellow) tubular, of 6 lobes. 



Aquatics ... 164 



JuNCACE.*;. — Perianth glumaceous, of similar pieces 162 

 Eriocaulo.nace.*:. — In sliallow water. Flowers in 



a small woolly head, at the summit of a 7- 



angled scape. Leaves in a tuft at the base. . . 16.') 



III. GLUMACEOUS DIVISION. 



Flowers without a true perianth, but subtended by 

 thin scales calleil glumes. 



Cyi'erace.e. — Sheaths of the leaves not split .... 165 



Gramine^. — Sheaths of the leaves split on the side 



away from the blade . 168 



SERIES II. CRYPTOGAMS. 



Plants without stamens and pistils, reproducing 

 themselves by spores instead of .seeds. 



CLASS III. ITERIDOPHYTES. 



Stems containing v.oscular as well as cellular tissue. 



Filke.h. — .Spores produci-d on the fronds 174 



EyCISETA<;E.t:. —.Spores produced on the underside 

 of the shield-shapeil scales of a terminal spike 

 or cone 181 



LvcoPODiACE.t;. — Spore-cases produced in the axils 



of the simple leaves or bracts . 182 



