Art and Science 



together of mental images and ideas with 

 deductions therefrom, and with a correspond- 

 ing power of detaching them from one another. 

 Hobbes, the Professor tells us, maintained 

 this long ago, when he said that all our think- 

 ing consists of addition and subtraction that 

 is to say, in bringing ideas together, and in 

 detaching them from one another. 



Turning from thought to language, we ob- 

 serve that the word is derived from the French 

 langue, or tongue. Strictly, therefore, it means 

 tonguage. This, however, takes account of 

 but a very small part of the ideas that under- 

 lie the word. It does, indeed, seize a familiar 

 and important detail of everyday speech, 

 though it may be doubted whether the tongue 

 has more to do with speaking than lips, teeth 

 and throat have, but it makes no attempt at 

 grasping and expressing the essential charac- 

 teristic of speech. Anything done with the 

 tongue, even though it involve no speaking 

 at all, is tonguage ; eating oranges is as much 

 tonguage as speech is. The word, therefore, 

 though it tells us in part how speech is 

 effected, reveals nothing of that ulterior mean- 



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