LINGUISTIC AND TRIBAL AFFINITIES 19 



Mr. Gatchet's classification includes seven linguistic stocks. For 

 the one with which we are here concerned, the Shoshone, he substi- 

 tutes a new term "Numa," a word which he states is found in most of 

 his Shoshone vocabularies meaning "man," "Indian," or "people." 



"The Numa race of aborigines," he says, "is an inland race extending 

 over a large portion of the great interior basin from middle Idaho southward 

 to the Colorado, the Colorado Chiquito and the Rio San Juan ; one of its sub- 

 divisions, the Comanche tribe, has overrun the vast plains extending between 

 the Arkansas and the Rio Grande, while another branch has in early days 

 occupied portions in eastern and southern California. This is the only Numa 

 offshoot which, as far as we know, has settled on the shore of the Pacific 

 ocean." 1 



This "Numa race" is composed, according to Mr. Gatchet, of eight 

 linguistic families the Shoshone, Snake, Pa-Uta (in which family are 

 placed the Chemehuevi), Pa-Uta of California, Uta, Moqui, Kauvuyah, 

 and Comanche. "Kauvuyah" is the designation he adopts for our 

 group of California Indians. Mr. Gatchet says that it is "the orthog- 

 raphy adopted by Oscar Loew for the name of one of the Serrano or 

 mountain tribes," and again, "Kauvuyah, on the oases in Cahuilla val- 

 ley, at the San Gorgonia pass, at Temecula, and in the San Jacinto 

 mountains, written also Cahuillo and (incorrectly) Coahuila." It 

 thus seems that Kauvuyah is the way in which Mr. Loew conceived 

 that Coahuilla should be written. As commonly pronounced the word 

 might be written Kau-wee-yah. Invariably, however, in all the Coa- 

 huilla words which Mr. Loew collected, v and w are interchanged, an 

 error due possibly to his nationality. Kauvuyah is thus probably meant 

 to be pronounced Kauwiiyah. This is not very far off from the correct 

 pronunciation, but it is certainly an unrecognizable spelling, and it has 

 unfortunately been followed both in the works of Major Powell and 

 Dr. Brinton. Mr. Loew also invented new tribal designations for the 

 dialects he collected at San Juan Capistrano and San Gabriel. The 

 former he called " Gaitchim," the word in his vocabulary for "houses," 

 and the latter "Tobikhar," and the Serranos he renamed "Takhtam," 

 the word in his vocabulary of their language meaning "men." 5 



The Serrano word for men is more nearly "takhtem" than "tahk- 



tam." The Serranos' own designation for themselves is C6w-ang-a-chem. 



It is difficult to understand what value these names can have as 



1 Op. eft., p 408. 



2 In recounting the creation myth of the San Gabriel Indians Mr. Hugo Reid states that the first 

 man was named " To-bo-har." The word for man in his vocabulary is " woroyt." (See " Indians of Los 

 Angeles County," California Farmer, Vol. XIV, p. 146.) 



