LINGUISTIC AND TRIBAL AFFINITIES II 



indicating the written material that exists for this study. What is per- 

 haps most needed at present is a bibliographical and critical study of 

 these sources, historical, linguistic, ethnographic, and archaeological, 

 as a basis for the early and aboriginal history of southern California. 

 It seems to be considerable in amount, but no sifted or critical pre- 

 sentation has yet appeared. This fact is my excuse for the considerable 

 digression that follows, dealing with the linguistic relations of these 

 Indian tribes. 



7. For establishing the relations of the southern California Indians 

 with one another and with other linguistic stocks of North America, 

 the linguistic material seems fairly sufficient. 



Scientific classification of the Indians of North America on the 

 basis of language began with Albert Gallatin's " Synopsis of the Indian 

 Tribes," which appeared in 1836.' His material for tribes west of the 

 Rocky Mountains was small in amount, and the Indians of California 

 are not included in his classification. 



The first linguistic material from Indians of California to be placed 

 within the reach of scientists, of which I am aware, were vocabularies 

 from several different Indian tongues collected by an Englishman, Dr. 

 Coulter, during a residence of several years in southern California, 

 and which were published in 1841, by Dr. John Scouler, in the Royal 

 Geographical Journal for that year, in an article entitled " Observa- 

 tions on the Indigenous Tribes of the North West Coast of America." 2 



These vocabularies include the languages spoken at the Franciscan 

 missions of San Diego, San Juan Capistrano, San Gabriel, Santa 

 Barbara, San Luis Obispo, and San Antonio. They contain some- 

 thing less than fifty words each. 



In 1840 the French government, during the excitement incident 

 to the disputed possession of Oregon, sent to the Pacific coast an 

 expedition under Duflot de Mofras, who sailed the entire length of the 

 California coast, visiting at many places, and who collected from the 

 Franciscan friars their translations at the various missions, of the 

 Paternoster into the Indian tongues. These are twenty-one in number 

 and are to be found in De Mofras' account of his travels. 3 They have 

 also been reprinted in Bancroft's volume on the Native Races of Cali- 

 fornia. This voyage of De Mofras' is of interest as the last expe- 

 ditionary undertaking ever sent by the French into North America. 



1 Transactions of the American Antiquarian Society {Archceolfgica Americana)^ Vol. II, 

 Cambridge, 1836. 



2 Royal Geographical Journal, Vol. XI, pp. 215-49, 1841. 

 ^Expedition de I" 1 Oregon, etc. 



