[8] 



placenta), the earliest forms of which were Carnaria, or flesh-eaters, from 

 which came Carnivora, or land beasts of prey (cats, dogs, bears, etc.), 

 and Pinnipedia, or marine beasts of prey (seal and walrus). The third 

 division we name Discoplacentalia (discoid placenta) ; and here we find, 

 as the first development, the Prosimiae, or tailed lemurs, quadrupeds 

 with claws, and having the appearance of hybrid cats and monkeys. All 

 these are placed in the Eocene period, in which stratum geologists have 

 found fossilised placentals. 



From the discoplacental-mammal Prosimiae evolved the following 

 species viz., Prosimiae of Madagascar (lemurs of to-day), with four 

 feet and claws ; Cheiroptera (bats) ; Rodentia (squirrels, mice, porcupines, 

 hares) ; Insectivora (moles, shrew-mice, and hedgehogs) ; and Simiae, or 

 quadruped monkeys, with two feet, two hands, nails, and tails. We 

 divide Simiae into two classes, the Platyrrhini, or New World apes, with 

 thirty-six teeth, tails, no cheek-pouches or callosities, and nasal cavities 

 pointing outwards and divided by a thick septum (from which came the 

 American howlers, weepers, capuchins, and squirrel-monkeys) ; and the 

 Catarrhini (Menocerca), or Old World apes, with thirty-two teeth (like 

 man), tails, cheek-pouches, callosities, and nasal cavities pointing down- 

 wards and divided by a thin septum (like man). These are placed in 

 the Meiocene period, in which have been discovered the first fossil apes. 

 From the Catarrhini developed the tailed baboons and macaques, with 

 thirty-two teeth, cheek-pouches, and callosities ; and the Anthropoidae, 

 with thirty-two teeth, but no tails, cheek-pouches, or callosities. These 

 were evolved during the Pleiocene period. From the anthropoid (man- 

 like) apes we get three distinct divisions viz., the gibbon and orang 

 families, with no tails or cheek-pouches, walking partly on hind legs, and 

 wandering in companies in India ; the chimpanzee and gorilla families 

 of Africa, with no tails or cheek-pouches, no articulate speech, walking 

 on hind legs only, living in companies in caves, and carrying their babes 

 in their arms ; and Alali, or ape-like men, commonly called the "missing 

 links," who were probably developed, during the Pleiocene period, irt 

 Lemuria, a submerged continent which formerly occupied the position 

 of the Indian Ocean ; or in the districts of the Nile and Ganges. 



These primitive ape-like men were the connecting links between men 

 and the apes, and are divided into two main branches viz., woolly- 

 haired Alali, who migrated from Lemuria, west and south ; and straight- 

 haired Alali, who migrated from Lemuria, north, east, and south. Both 

 these branches had skulls of the same character as those of the chim- 



