[3] 



account of some discoveries he had made in a cave in 

 Aude (France), where he had found bones of the bison 

 and reindeer, cut and carved by the hand of man, 

 together with remains of edible shell-fish, which must 

 have been brought there by some one who dwelt there. 

 A few years afterwards De Christol, of Montpellier, 

 discovered human bones and fragments of pottery, mixed 

 with the remains of the Northern bear, hyaena, and 

 rhinoceros, in the caverns of Pondres and Souvignargues. 

 In 1833 Schmerling found in the caverns of Engis and 

 Enghihoul, in Belgium, two human skulls, surrounded 

 by teeth of the rhinoceros, elephant, bear, and hyaena, 

 on some of which were marks of human workmanship, 

 and under which were flint knives and arrow-heads. 

 Two years afterwards Joly, a Montpellier professor, 

 found in the cave of Nabrigas (Lozere) the skull of a 

 cave-bear, having upon it marks made by an arrow, 

 beside which were scattered fragments of pottery bearing 

 the imprints of human fingers. Following upon these 

 discoveries were those made in 1842 by Godwin Austen 

 at Kent's Cavern, near Torquay, consisting of animal 

 remains and results of man's handiwork ; and those 

 made in 1844, by Lund, in the caves of Brazil, consisting 

 of skeletons of thirty human beings, an ape, various 

 carnivora, rodents, pachyderms, sloths, etc. Kent's 

 Cavern, in 1847, was again the spot to which all eyes 

 were turned ; for there McEnery had found, under a 

 layer of stalagmite, the remains of men and extinct 

 .animals. This remarkable discovery was followed, in the 

 same year, by the appearance of a work by Boucher 

 de Perthes, of Abbeville, in which he described the 

 flint tools, etc., found in the excavations made there and 

 in the Somme valley as far as Amiens. In 1857 the 

 celebrated Neanderthal skull was discovered; and in 

 1858 Prestwich, Falconer, and Pengelly (Englishmen) 

 found more flint implements in the lower strata of the 

 Baumann cave, in the Hartz mountains, at the same time 

 that Gosse fils obtained from the sand-pits of Grenelle 

 various flint implements and bones of the mammoth ; 

 while in the following year Fontan discovered in the 

 cave of Massat (Ariege) utensils, human teeth, and 

 bones of the cave-bear, hyaena, and cave-lion. Near 



