[4] 



Bedford, about the same time, Wyatt found, in the gravel- 

 beds, flints similar to those found at Abbeville, and bones 

 of the mammoth, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, ox, horse, 

 and deer ; which discovery was soon followed by that 

 of the celebrated human burial place at Aurignac, by 

 Lartet, in 1860, in which were found human remains, 

 together with bones of the bear, reindeer, bison, hyaena, 

 wolf, mammoth, and rhinoceros, a number of flint and 

 horn implements, and the remaining ashes of fires. The 

 world was at last induced to give some heed to the new 

 cry of man's extreme antiquity when Boucher de Perthes, 

 of Abbeville, in 1863, discovered at Moulin-Quignon, 

 at a depth of fifteen feet, in a virgin argilo-ferruginous 

 bed belonging to the later Pleiocene or early Pleistocene 

 period, the half of a human lower jaw-bone (which had 

 belonged to an aged person of small stature), covered 

 with an earthy crust, by the side of which lay a flint 

 hatchet, covered with the same kind of crust ; and not 

 far from which were also buried, in the same bed, two 

 mammoths' teeth. After this discovery scientific men 

 generally subscribed to the new theory of the antiquity 

 of man, and all seemed eager to pursue their investiga- 

 tions without delay, the result being that we are now 

 receiving, almost day by day, fresh evidence on the 

 subject, and hope soon to arrive at a tolerably accurate 

 conclusion as to the earliest date of man's appearance 

 upon earth. 



Let us now look more closely at the discoveries made 

 in the various caves referred to above, and also see what 

 advances had been made by geologists in other directions 

 during the same period, as well as what amount of 

 progress has been made during the last twenty years. 

 Dr. Schmerling, the Belgian geologist and comparative 

 anatomist, after exploring the Engis and other caves in 

 the province of Liege, published an illustrated work, 

 giving the results of his investigations, which were highly 

 interesting, and contributed largely to the establishment 

 of the theory of man's antiquity. In these caves 

 Schmerling found the bones of the cave-bear, hyaena, 

 elephant, and rhinoceros, together with human bones, 

 none of which gave any evidence of having been gnawed, 

 from which circumstance it was inferred that these caves 



