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whether it was human or not, the forehead being narrow 

 and very low and the projection of the supra-orbital 

 ridges enormously great. The long bones of the skeleton 

 agreed with those of men of the present day in respect 

 to length, but were of extraordinary thickness, and the 

 ridges for the attachment of muscles were developed in 

 an unusual degree, showing that the individual was 

 possessed of great muscular strength, especially in the 

 thoracic neighbourhood. Drs. Schaafhausen and Fuhlrott 

 pointed out that the depression of the forehead was not' 

 due to any artificial pressure, as the whole skull was 

 symmetrical, and that the individual must have been 

 distinguished by an extraordinarily small cerebral deve- 

 lopment as well as uncommon corporeal strength. Pro- 

 fessor Huxley considers this Neanderthal skull to be the 

 most ape-like one he ever beheld, and Busk, a great 

 anthority, gives valuable reasons for supposing it to be 

 the skull of an individual occupying a position midway 

 between the man and the gorilla or chimpanzee. Huxley 

 has carefully compared the Engis and Neanderthal 

 skulls, and his remarks upon them are given in their 

 entirety in Lyell's " Antiquity of Man." From these 

 remarks we gather that the Engis skull was dolichoce- 

 phalic in form, extreme length 7.7 inches, extreme 

 breadth not more than 5.25 inches, forehead well arched, 

 superciliary prominences well but not abnormally deve- 

 loped, horizontal circumference 20^ inches, longitu- 

 dinal arc from nasal spine to occipital protuberance 13^ 

 inches, transverse arc from one auditory foramen to the 

 other, across the middle of the sagittal suture, 13 inches. 

 The Neanderthal skull is so different from the Engis 

 skull that Huxley says "it [Neanderthal] might well be 

 supposed to belong to a distinct race of mankind." It 

 is 8 inches in extreme length, 5.75 inches in breadth, 

 and only 3.4 inches from the glabello-occipital line to 

 the vertex; the longitudinal arc is 12 inches, and the 

 transverse arc probably about 10^ inches, but, owing 

 to incompleteness of temporal bones, this could not be 

 correctly ascertained ; the horizontal circumference is 

 23 inches, which high figure is due to the vast develop- 

 ment of the superciliary ridges ; and the sagittal suture, 

 notwithstanding the great length of the skull, only 4^ 



