work of men living in Palaeolithic times, prior to the 

 existence of the reindeer, whose antlers were found depo- 

 sited in the layer of stalagmite. Previous to this time, 

 when McEnery, in 1826, examined Kent's Cavern, he had 

 stated that he had found several teeth of Ursus cultridens, 

 a huge carnivore belonging to Tertiary formations, but 

 now extinct ; and as this monster was first known in 

 Meiocene deposits in France, but had never been traced 

 in any cavern or fluviatile Pleistocene deposits, although 

 it had occurred in Pleiocene formations, considerable 

 excitement was caused on the score that the flint imple- 

 ments lately found might possibly have belonged to 

 Meiocene, or at latest early Pleiocene men. Further 

 investigations were accordingly commenced for the pur- 

 pose of solving this problem, the explorations being 

 under the superintendence of Messrs. Vivian and Pen- 

 gelley; and in 1872 they at last came upon a fine 

 incisor of Ursus cultridens in the uppermost part of the 

 cave-earth, which settled the point as to man's existence 

 at the same time with the extinct bear in England. The 

 Kent's Cavern deposits are as follows : i. Limestone. 

 2. Black mould, containing articles of mediaeval, Romano - 

 British, and pre-Roman date. 3. Stalagmite floor, from 

 1 6 to 20 inches thick, containing a human jaw and 

 remains of extinct animals. 4. Black earth, containing 

 charcoal and other evidence of fire, and also bone and 

 flint instruments. 5. Red cave-earth, containing Palaeo- 

 lithic implements and bones and teeth of extinct animals, 

 such as cave-lion, mammoth, rhinoceros, and hyaena, and 

 including the tooth of the Ursus cultridens, or Machai- 

 rodus latidens. 6. Second stalagmite floor, from 3 to 

 12 feet thick, covering bones of bears only. 7. Dark 

 red sandy loam, containing bones of bears, three flint 

 implements, and one flint chip. The fact of the Ursus 

 cultridens being contemporary in England with man is 

 of enormous interest to geologists and anthropologists, 

 for it places the date of Palaeolithic man as far back as 

 the Pleiocene age, instead of, as heretofore, in the 

 Pleistocene. 



The caves of the Dordogne Valley in south-western 

 France have supplied us with some very good relics of a 

 very remote period. They are situated in rocks of Cre- 



