taceous age, and form shelters in which ancient hunts- 

 men used to find dwelling-places, leaving behind them 

 refuse-heaps and instruments of various kinds. In the 

 Vezere Caves, which are included in the Dordogne 

 series, there is one of very ancient date, Le Moustier, 

 in which is a bed of sand having both above and below 

 floors of a similar character, containing charcoal, flint 

 instruments, and other remains. The depth of this sandy 

 bed is about 10 inches, having the appearance of a river 

 deposit ; and, although many flint instruments have been 

 found in it of a more ancient date than those unearthed 

 in the other caves, yet no worked bone instruments have 

 been discovered. In another cave, the Langerie, bronze 

 and polished stone objects have been found, together 

 with various kinds of pottery, below which, and under 

 masses of fallen rock, covered with Palaeolithic flints 

 and sculptured bones and antlers of reindeer, a human 

 skeleton was discovered lying under a block of stone. 

 In another cave, La Madeleine, was found a mammoth 

 tusk, on which was rudely carved a picture of the animal 

 itself, proving incontestably that cave-men lived here in 

 mammoth times. In the Mentone cave Dr. Riviere, in 

 1872, suddenly came upon the bones of a human foot, 

 which caused him to make a very careful examination of 

 the deposit, the result being that he unearthed an entire 

 human skeleton at a depth of 20 feet, surrounded by a 

 large number of unpolished flint flakes and scrapers, and 

 a fragment of a skewer, about six inches long. No metal, 

 pottery, or polished flint was found ; but bones of extinct 

 mammals were scattered about, thus suggesting a remote 

 Palaeolithic antiquity. The skeleton is 5 feet 9 inches 

 high, the skull dolichocephalic, forehead narrow, temple 

 flattened, and facial angle measuring 80 to 85 degrees ; 

 the teeth were worn flat by eating hard food, and the 

 long bones are strong and flattened. 



No human bones have as yet been discovered in the 

 deposit of the Somme valley, where so many Palaeolithic 

 flints have been found ; but in the valley of the Seine, at 

 Clichy, Messrs. Bertrand and Reboux found, in 1868, 

 portions of human skeletons in the same beds where 

 Palaeolithic implements had been embedded. These 

 bones were found at a depth of seventeen feet, and in- 



