times, also fragments of pottery and stones used for 

 grinding corn, side by side with the remains of domestic 

 animals. From this we conclude that Neolithic man was 

 at this time a companion of domestic animals, a keeper 

 of flocks and herds,' and an agriculturalist. He very soon 

 became, in addition to this, a miner, as is evident from 

 the remains found at Cissbury, on the South Downs, and 

 at Grimes Graves, near Bandon, in Suffolk. Shafts had 

 been sunk and galleries dug out of the ground in order 

 to unearth a better kind of flint for manufacturing useful 

 implements ; and in some of these galleries the tools of 

 the workmen have been discovered, consisting of picks 

 made out of stags' antlers, polished stone celts, chisels of 

 bone and antler, and small cups made of chalk. With 

 these and other primitive tools the flint had been worked 

 out in several places, forming deep hollows in and near 

 which were the remains of birds, sheep, goats, horses, 

 pigs, and dogs, which evidently had served as companions 

 to and food for the miners. Canoes, hollowed out of 

 large trees by the use of fire and axes, have also been 

 discovered, together with huge paddles for propelling 

 them and numerous have been the discoveries of heads 

 of javelins, arrows, and spears, which were probably used 

 as weapons of warfare, the population by this time having 

 grown large and divided itself into small communities 

 more or less at enmity with each other. 



Similar progress was made by Neolithic man on the 

 continent of Europe, as we know from the discoveries 

 made in Switzerland. As early as 1829 very ancient 

 piles had been discovered in the lake of Zurich, which 

 have since been found to be the remains of primitive 

 lake-dwellings, dating from Neolithic times. These 

 peculiar habitations consisted of wooden houses built on 

 platforms erected on a number of wooden piles driven 

 into the bottom of the lake, and were, no doubt, so 

 constructed with the view of protecting the small colony 

 from the raids of wild beasts and warlike people from 

 other parts of the country. Most of these lake-dwellings 

 were burnt down, their charred remains sinking to the 

 bottom of the lake, where they have been discovered 

 together with heaps of corn, pieces of woven and plaited 

 cloth, mealing or grinding stones, earthenware imple- 



