[10] 



which generally is effected at the age of two years, or 

 rather earlier. Following quickly upon speech we observe 

 judgment, recollection, and self-consciousness manifesting 

 themselves, and, by the time the child has attained the 

 age of two years and a half, morality of a definite kind 

 makes its appearance. 



Tracing the child's development still further, we find 

 the next important intellectual manifestation viz., super- 

 stition to take place at about three years of age, while 

 concurrently the following emotional products appear 

 avarice, envy, hate, hope, vanity, mirth, and a love of the 

 beautiful, which are followed, in the course of a few 

 months, by awe and an appreciation of art. From this 

 age to the condition of adult life, the intellectual facul- 

 ties develop according to the surroundings of the indivi- 

 dual, while, on the emotional side, reverence, remorse, 

 and courtesy make their appearance at about the age of 

 five years, and melancholy and ecstasy at about the tenth 

 year. 



In the foregoing ontogenetic mirror will be found the 

 key to the unfolding of the great mystery of the evolu- 

 tion of mind in the animal kingdom. We have only to 

 take the geological periods one after the other, and study 

 the various life-forms found in each to see at once that, 

 with the race, the order of sequence in the appearance 

 of the intellectual and emotional faculties is precisely the 

 same as with the individual. We may place the new- 

 born infant intellectually on a par with the lowly molluscs 

 or the vermiform little animals which existed in the 

 Cambrian period, in which little organisms probably pain 

 first made its entry upon the earth, followed by the 

 appearance of pleasure, memory (conscious), and associa- 

 tion of ideas in the lowly crustaceans of the later Cambrian 

 and early Silurian periods. With the spiders, fishes, 

 and crabs of the later Silurian and Devonian periods we 

 have brought before us the faculty of recognising places 

 of which these animals are capable, which places them 

 intellectually on a level with a child of four or five 

 months old. 



The recognition of individuals next made its appearance 

 in the reptiles of the Carboniferous and Permian epochs ; 

 -while the birds of the Oolitic and Cretaceous periods 



