94 The Triunity of Personality [CH. 



begin to wonder what the meaning is. For conation is 

 the manifestation of will, cognition is the basis of intel- 

 lect, and affection emerges from feeling or sensation, and 

 is emotional. It is unfortunate that Richmond, by 

 taking will, intellect, and emotion in that order, ob- 

 scures the relation of these with the terms of the psycho- 

 logist, even though he makes the relation with the terms 

 of the theologian more -easy to grasp. We have to 

 remember that the three terms are in each case the 

 expression of the existence of a cycle. Richmond starts 

 and metaphysically he is right with the creative 

 phase of the cycle. Macdougall, for example, starts 

 and psychologically he is right with the perceptive 

 or mediatorial phase of the cycle. But for theologian, 

 philosopher, and psychologist alike, the cycle consists 

 of creation, mediation, and the unifying emotion which 

 is the basis of freedom. This will become more clear as 

 our argument proceeds. 



Will, intellect, and emotion form the inseparable triad 

 of consciousness. They are therefore essential to con- 

 scious being; my being as a person depends on them. 

 The unity of a person is threefold, and must be three- 

 fold; that is what the word personality connotes, 

 through its underlying suggestion of capacity for fellow- 

 ship. The lower organisms are not persons, because they 

 cannot will, though they can strive; cannot know, 

 though they can be affected in a way analogous to, if not 

 identical with, sensation; cannot experience emotion, 

 though they can adapt themselves to the serial relations 

 of their environment. The highest animals are on the 

 threshold of true willing and feeling, though probably 

 their intellectual processes get very little beyond simple 

 perception. But in none of these do they reach the 

 sense of communion, which involves as its very starting 

 point the consciousness of the self and the consciousness 

 of the freedom of the self. They may live as interde- 



