Contents. xiii 



PAGE 



innate principles are valid only within the adjustments of 

 the organism, and only for a brief time This doctrine 

 overturns evolutionism, ..... 245 

 SECTION VIII. The correlation of mental and physical forces. 

 Impossible to embrace all change in one process unless 

 mental and physical actions be correlated Mr. Spencer 

 rejects the monist doctrine The unknowable energy con- 

 ditioned in matter otherwise than in mind This correla- 

 tion can only exist in either material or spiritual monism 

 Correlation involves (a) expenditure of force which 

 passes into new form, (6) equivalence of the amount of 

 force under both forms If applicable to mental and 

 physical action it implies (a) the passing of physical force 

 into intellectual force, and (6) the amount of physical force 

 expended balances the mental force produced This inter- 

 change absurd A universal law of evolution therefore 



. 255- 



CHAPTER XVII. 



THE EVOLUTION OF MORALS. 



Life directed towards an end voluntarily chosen Moral 

 life everything to man Aim of Mr. Spencer's philosophy 

 to find scientific basis for right and wrong in conduct 

 His ethics must be outcome of his system Apologists do 

 not disparage moral lessons drawn from nature Re- 

 vealed moral teaching could not be accepted as true if 

 antagonistic to the first principles of morals Religion 

 has been the most important source of moral impulse 

 1. Moral law can only be obeyed in conscious freedom 

 Moral obedience willing obedience Evolution determines 

 action by physical law The Calvinist contends for liberty 

 He rejects an imaginary liberty Evolution ethics sheer 

 dynamic determinism 2. The evolutionist account of 

 sense of obligation Race-needs enforce the sacrifice of 

 present to future pleasures Moral self-restraint, how 

 originated Two elements in the "notion of obligation" 

 (a) surrender of present pleasure for sake of future 



