xii % Contents. 



PAGE 



is the primary attribute of mind We begin with know- 

 ledge, .... .218 



SECTION IV. The relations of Feelings. The theory of rela- 

 tions of feelings examined, and knowledge of relation 

 proved impossible on the principles of evolution, . 225 



SECTION V. Reasoning. Defined as the "formation of 

 cohesions among manifestations " Grouping shown to be 

 impossible without intellection implying (1) a faculty of 

 perception of external objects, (2) a faculty of reproduc- 

 tion of the objects in thought, (3) a faculty of comparison 

 of object with object, (4) ability to group objects accord- 

 ing to known resemblances Call this mind or by any 

 other name it is there in the simplest beginnings of 

 thought, .230 



SECTION VI. Self and not- self. Classed with fundamental 

 intuitions Mr. Spencer distinguishes between conscious- 

 ness and consciousness of self Sir W. Hamilton quoted 

 in proof that this is not a valid distinction To avoid a 

 breach of continuity the evolutionist splits up conscious- 

 ness into separate fragments Criticism of Mr. Spencer's 

 three postulates He repudiates material or spiritual 

 monism Manifestations are feelings, "vivid" or "faint" 

 The ego is the power manifested in the vivid, the non- 

 ego that manifested in the faint These powers not dis- 

 tinguishable The feelings are inner faces of nerve-thrills 

 whether vivid or faint Mind conscious of itself not 

 evolved by clustering of aggregates of feelings There are 

 involved sensation, perception, imagination, comparison, 

 judgment, reasoning The evolving mass has no promise 

 in it of a self -knowing mind, .... 235 



SECTION VII. Innate principles. Mode in which evolu- 

 tionist deals with perception of external world He pushes 

 into the background the primary mental characteristic, 

 knowing Inquiry as to axiomatic truths Mr. Spencer 

 claims that his doctrine harmonizes the a priori and 

 sensationalist schools Organized ancestral experiences 

 registered in the brain are the forms of thought The 

 intuitions fixed functions of fixed structures This theory 

 makes dominant the physical law of the organism These 



