The Evolution of Mind. 231 



manifestations."* The evolution of mind is a process 

 of grouping. Feelings are arranged in clusters ; these 

 clusters grow more definite, more coherent, more 

 heterogeneous, in accordance with the universal law 

 of the evolving cosmos. 



Now it is to be noted that the most elementary 

 grouping requires the presence of the relational ele- 

 ment ; but relations can have no place in consciousness 

 without comparison : something must exist before- 

 hand having a faculty of comparing. We can begin 

 the process of grouping only by assuming the exist- 

 ence of intellectual power. " All thought involves the 

 consciousness of likeness : " ) consciousness must " be 

 a competent judge of the likeness and unlikeness of its 

 states." { It is just in proportion to the presence in 

 experience of this element of knowledge that feelings 

 are found capable of being grouped ; and the grouping 

 consists of " decided mutual cohesions " that " cling 

 together with tenacity " in proportion to the definite- 

 ness of the relations. The absence of "the relational 

 element of mind" leaves the states of consciousness 

 altogether incoherent. 



When tracts of consciousness are distinguished by 

 predominance of the relational element, "the com- 

 pound feelings can unite into coherent and well- 

 defined clusters." || But this amounts to saying that 



* First Principles, 45. t Ibid., 44. J Ibid., 41. 



Psychology, Vol. I., 69. || Ibid., 70. 



