238 The Evolution Hypothesis. 



the other, some modification, state, quality, affection, 

 or operation belonging to the subject. Consciousness, 

 thus, in its simplicity, necessarily involves three 

 things, 1, A recogizing or knowing subject ; 2, A 

 recognized or known modification ; and 3, A recog- 

 nition or knowledge by the subject of the modi- 

 fication." * 



We have found the evolutionist chargeable with 

 obliterating dividing lines where they run across his 

 hypothesis : we have here an instance of the opposite 

 error. He discriminates consciousness from the con- 

 sciousness of self, representing the former as in full 

 exercise without the latter. Sir W. Hamilton clearly 

 establishes the fact that they are one. To distribute 

 experience into successive morsels, so as to avoid a 

 breach of continuity, the evolutionist splits up con- 

 sciousness into separate fragments : he creates a 

 difference where no difference exists. 



At the foundation of his philosophy Mr. Spencer 

 lays these postulates : " An unknowable Power ; the 

 existence of knowable likenesses and differences 

 among the manifestations of that Power ; and a 

 resulting segregation of the manifestations into those 

 of subject and object."^ Accepting the existence of 

 an unknowable power and of knowable likenesses and 

 differences among the manifestations of that power, 

 we are no nearer a reconciliation of the consciousness 

 of self with the evolution hypothesis. Likenesses and 



* Lectures. Metaphysics, p. 192. t First Principles, 45. 



