22 



For the average composition of pressed and dried beet pulp in com- 

 parison with certain other feeding materials in common use, see the 

 Yearbooks of the Department of Agriculture, 1898, pp. 213-220. and 

 1900, p. 752. 



The factory at Leavitt, Nebr. , may be mentioned as one of those at 

 which special attention has been given to the utilization of the 

 exhausted beet pulp for stock feeding. Several views taken on the 

 farm of the Standard Cattle Company, Ames, Nebr. , which uses pulp 

 from the factory at Leavitt, are shown on pis. 35 and 36 of the exhibit. 



The appliances used at the factory of the California and Hawaiian 

 Sugar Refining Company's factory at Crockett, Cal., for the transpor- 

 tation of sugar-beet pulp from the factory to the silos are shown on 

 the large photograph exhibited in case No. 7. (See PL I, frontispiece). 



POWER AND LIGHTING. 



PLs. 37 and 38 of exhibit show typical views in the boiler and engine 

 rooms and the electric-lighting plants of American beet-sugar fac- 

 tories. The fuel employed is generally coal, with the exception of 

 California, where crude petroleum is very largely used. 



THE BEET-SUGAR MANUFACTURER'S DEBT TO SCIENCE. 



The present condition of the beet-sugar industry is the result of 

 the application of scientific methods in the field and in the factory. 

 While other sciences have contributed largely analytical chemistry 

 has been the most important factor in the development of the modern 

 high grade sugar beet and in perfecting the methods of manufacture. 

 Case 7 (see PI. I, frontispiece) has been utilized for exhibiting some of 

 the best methods and appliances for the analysis of the sugar beets and 

 the sugar house products for the control of manufacturing processes. 

 The usefulness of the analytical laboratory begins with the production 

 of the sugar-beet seed. All of the larger seed farms in Europe, and 

 those which are now being established in this country, are provided 

 with laboratories equipped for the analysis of the "mother" beets 

 in order that only those containing a high percentage of sugar and a 

 very pure juice may be replanted for seed production. The methods 

 ^employed for the analysis of beets which are to be selected for seed 

 production must be rapid and inexpensive in order that a large num- 

 ber of beets, often hundreds or thousands, may be analyzed daily 

 without too great an expenditure. The determination of sugar by 

 means of a polariscope is now the means generally employed for this 

 purpose. Various methods have been devised for removing a small 

 portion of the beet and extracting the sugar therefrom, preparatory 

 to determining its amount in the polariscope ; a small portion of each 

 beet can be taken without lessening its value for seed production. 



