GASTEROPODA PULJIONEA. 33 



it lives under ground, and feeds chiefly on Lumbrici. M. de Fe- 

 russac has observed, that when accidentallj' placed in too dry a 

 situation, the mantle experiences a singvdar development, and 

 furnishes it with a sort of shelter. 



Parmacella, Cuv. 



Have a membranous mantle with loose margins placed on the mid- 

 dle of the back, and containing in its posterior portion an oblong, flat 

 shell, the hind part of which exliibits a slight rudiment of a spine ; 

 the respiratory orifice and the anus, under the right side of the mid- 

 dle of the mantle. 



Parm. Olivieri, Cuv, Ann. du Mus., V, xxix, 12 — 15. The 

 first species known ; from Mesopotamia. 



Parm. pal/iolutn.FeruHs., pi. vii, A. Inhabits Brazil. Some 

 others are found in India. 

 In the terrestrial Pulmonca with complete and apparent .shells, the 

 edges of the aperture in the adidt are usually tumid. 



HeliXj Lin. 



To this genus Linnaeus referred all those species in which the aper- 

 ture of the shell, somewhat incroached upon by the projection of the 

 penultimate whorl, assumes a crescent-like figure. 



When this crescent of the aperture is as wide as it is high, or 

 wider, it becomes the 



Helix, Bruy. and Lam. 



Some of them have a globular shell. 



Of this number is the Helix pomatia, L., com:non in the gar- 

 dens and vineyards of France, with a reddish shell marked with 

 paler bands, an animal which in some places is considered a deli- 

 cious r.rticle of food. The Hel. nemoralis, L., is another; whose 

 shell is variously and vividly coloured ; in wet seasons it is very 

 injurious to espaliers*. There are but few persons who have 

 not heard of the curious facts respecting the reproduction of 

 their amputated partsf . 



In others the shell is depressed, that is, the spire is flattened+. 



* Add the Hel. glauca, — H. citrina ; — H. rapa ; — H. castanea : — H. globulus ; 



H. lactea ; — //. arbu^toruin ; — H. fiilva ; — H. epistylium ; — H. cincta ; — if. liijata ; 



H. aspersa; — //. extensa ; — H. nemorensis ; — H. fruiicum; — H. lucena; — H. vittuia ; 



H. rosareu; — H. it alia; — //. lusitanica: — //. aculeata; — H. turturum ; — H. cre.tacea ; 

 H. fuscescens : — H. tcrresfris; — 77. nivea ; — 77. hortensis; — H. lucorum ; — 77. gi-isea ; 

 77. hcemastoma ; — H. pulla ; — 77. i-enusta; — H. picia, Gmel, &c. 



t See Spallanzani, SchoefFer, Bonnet, &c. 



I Hel. lapicida; — 77. cicatricosa ; — 77. tegophlalnms ; — H.oculus capri; — 77. alhella; 

 — 77. maculafa; — 77. algira; — H. leempes; — 77. vermiculata ; — 77. exilis ; — H. cava- 

 colla; — 77. coniu militare; — 77. pellis serpenlis; — 77. Gualteriana ; — 77. ociills commu- 

 nis ; — H. mnrginella; — 77. maculosa; — H. neevia; — H. corrugatn; — 77. ericetumm;— 

 H. nilens ; — 77. costata ; — 77. pulchcllu ; — H. cellaria ; — H. obrolutu ; — //■ streigosula ; 



— H.radiata; — H. crystnllina ; — H. iingnlina ; — //. tnhuhis : — //. iino! ruins ; H, 



biidia ; — H. rornu rennloritnn, &o. 



VOL. in. o 



