PULMONARI^. 285 



Most of tliem perish in winter, but there are some which live several 

 years — such are the Mygales, the Lycosa, and probably several others. 

 Although Pliny states that the genus Phalangium is unknown in 

 Italy, we still presume that these latter Araneides and other large 

 species which weave no web, as also the Galeodes and Solpugae, are 

 the animals they collectively designated by that name, and of which 

 they distinguished several species. Such also was the opinion of 

 Mouffet, who, in his Theat. Insect., p, 219, has figured a Lycosa or 

 Mygale, of the island of Candia, as a species of Phalangium. 



Lister was the first and most successful observer of the Spiders, 

 whose habits he was enabled to study ; those of Great Britain laid 

 the foundations of a natural arrangement, of which most of those 

 that have been since published are mere modifications. The more 

 recent discovery of species peculiar to hot climates, such as the 

 Araignee magonne described by the abbe Sauvages, and some others, 

 the use of the organs of manducation introduced into the system by 

 Fabricius, a more exact study of the general disposition of the eyes, 

 and of their respective sizes, with that of the relative length of the 

 legs, have all contributed to extend this classification. Walckenaer 

 lias entered into the most minute of these details, and it would be a 

 diflficult matter to discover a species that could not find its place in 

 some one of his divisions. One character, however, existed, the ap- 

 plication of which had not been made general : I allude to the pre- 

 sence or absence of the third terminal hook of the tarsi. Savigny, so 

 far as this is concerned, has given us a new method, of which, how- 

 ever, I have only seen a simple sketch*. 



M. Leon Dufour, Avho has published many excellent memoirs on the 

 anatomy of Insects, who has especially studied those of Valencia, 

 among which he has detected several new species, and to Avhose 

 labours the science of Botany is not less indebted, has paid particular 



* See Walck., Fauu. Frauc., note to genus Afta. 



We knew nothing of the observations of M. Savigny on the Spiders, which accom- 

 pany the plates of Nat. Hist, of the great work on Egypt, until long after our arti- 

 cle relative to the same animals was printed. 



That gentleman — Hist. Nat. ut sup. — establishes the following genera in the 

 family of the Araneides : 1. Ariadne, near that of Segestria, having but six eyes, 

 of which the two intermediate posterior ones are further forwards ; — 2. Lachesis, 

 near Drassus, but with the hooks of the Chelicerae, (forcipules, Savign.,) very small; 

 — 3. Erigone, also allied to Drassus as well as to Clubiona ; thorax very high 

 before ; second joint of the palpi spinous, and dilated into an angle or tooth at the ex- 

 tremity ; — 4. Hersilia, allied to Agelena and Theridion of Walckenaer-; feet long 

 and slender, the superior nails bidentate ; eyes united on an eminence, arranged in two 

 transverse lines, and curved backwards ; two very long fusi forming a tail ; 5. Arach- 

 NE, which does not appear to us to differ from Angelena ; — 6. Argyopes, Epeiree 

 whose anterior, lateral eyes are much smaller than the others ; — 7. Enyo, fifth 

 family of the Theridion, Walck. ; — 8. Ocyale, second family of the Dolomedes, Id. 



