beneath them. There are serious objections to this severe pruning^ 

 for the exposure of the trunks and branches to the drying influences 

 of the sun and air is a serious check to the circulation of the sap 

 and consequently the growth of the trees. 



Fig. i6 shows the result of close planting and the cutting out of 

 the lower branches as they become weak, instead of heading in the 

 top. and thus forcing the growth into the lateral branches where the 

 fruit can be more easily gotten at, and spraying, thinning and har- 

 vesting done economically. 



Fu;. 16. 



Fig. 17. A well formed young tree that has been headed in and 

 none of the lower branches removed. Small branches have been 

 removed from time to time but no large ones. 



Fig. 18 shows a well formed tree 30 years old that has had an 

 abmidance of room and has been properly headed in at the top. 



Fig. 19 shows a well formed tree, 30 years old headed in, but the 

 picture was taken in such a position tliat it appears to be a very high 

 topped tree, which is not the case, the tallest branches being not 

 over 25 feet high. 



