28 



Exlracls from a " Journal of a HoiticuUural Tour llii-ough some 

 parts of Flanders, Holland, and llie North of I'rauce, by a 

 Dcpulalioii ofthc Caledonian Horticultural Society." 

 STEAM IN HOT HOUSES. 



" For increasing and keeping steady tlie tem- 

 perature in several of liis liot-liouses, Mr. Andrews 

 has of late enii)loved sleain, in aid of the ordinary 

 flues conveying smoke and heated air. The steam 

 is carried through the house by means ot metal 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER, 



isiug qualities, a white and heavy pulp, with juice 

 of rather pungent acidity, it may be expected in 

 the second, third and subsequent years greatly to 

 improve in size and flavor ; particularly if the buds, 

 leaves, bark and wood i)osscss the characteristics 

 of approved hearing frees. Mr. Van Mons added 

 a remark which we do not recollect to have met 

 with in horticultural writings :— That by sounng 

 the seeds of new varietie.s of fruits, we may ex 



August 15, 18-26. 



best adapted to making briskets, hurdles, tool han- 

 dles, &c. no husbandman ciught to be without a 

 permanent stock in iiill growth. For the more 

 general, extensive, and important purposes, the 

 Larch (Pinus Lani, Lin.) must have the first at- 

 tention of landed men. See Doctor Anderson's 

 3d volume of Essays on Husl)andry, for a full and 

 satisfactory account of it, and of the extensive 

 propagation of it in Scotland, with its useful and 



... ,,ert with much greater probability to obtain other dtnable qualities, and its very quick growth 

 pipes, which arc laid along the top ot the ''i'^_^ j ^ ^^^,, ,^,„ „„^„ ,,y employing the much wanted in the oak. 



flues. The pipes are of copper, on account of its I "^; "^^^ °y,,^^ ^^^ ,^,;,' ...^Wiihed so ts. He ' " ^ 



expandmg les, than lead. They are of a squa.-e ; -' ^ "^^^^ J j' , ,,i„„^ ,,,, ,f j,,, kernels 

 form, and are set on edge, so that any condensed ' likewise „ave ii a. i, ,„„„l,i k„ u„, 



' " of old varieties were to be sown, it woukl he bet- 



imilar in 



vapor trickling to the bottom may occupy but lit- 

 tle room, or present only a small surface. As in 

 the common steam engine, the boiler is made to 

 regulate itself by a simple contrivance : It is fur- 

 nished with a float, which descending in propor- 

 tion as the water is dissipated in steam, in due 

 time raises a valve and admits a new supply of 

 water. — The su))erfluous condensed vapor also re- | 

 turns to the boiler, there being no other provision j 

 for disposing of it. 



ter to employ those of other countries 



climate." 



TnnislaUd from tlw French for Vie Plijmovth Memorial. 



ON THE CULTURE OF ROSE BUSHES. 



Roses are increased by seed, buds, layers or 

 shoots, and by grafts on other rose bushes. 



The ro.se from the seed comes slowly ; it diver- 

 It is scarcely necessary to | sifies varieties 



Mr. Young speaks of fish-ponds, and of four 

 ponds, an acre each, one above another, on a 

 stream, which turned a mill below the ponds. 19 

 An. 400. 



add, that by merely opening a valve, the house 

 can at pleasure be steamed, i. e. filled with steam, 

 than which nothing can be more conducive to the 

 health and vigor of idants confined in a hot-house. 

 We were assured that seven bushels of coal would 

 go as far in keeping up the steam-heat, as ten 

 bushels do in maintaining an equal temperature 

 the other way. When the aid of steam is resort- 

 ed to, the temperature is found to be more easily 

 regulated, continuing equable for a considerable 

 length of time. Mr. Andrews, Junior, mentioned, 

 that the furnace being duly charged, and the boil- 

 er prepared, he could with confidence leave the 

 hot-house for eigiit or even ten hours together, 

 being sati.-fied that the temperature would con- 

 tinue to be maintained for that length of time." 



MARKET FOn BUTCHERs' MEAT. 



" The market for butchers' meat in Ghent is 

 kept extremely neat and clean ; no offensive 

 .strveams of blood are to be soen,every thing of that 

 sort being confined to tlie shambles. Each dealer 

 in meat keeps a carpenter's plane, with which he 

 daily shaves the surface of the table of his stall, so 

 that a stranger would be apt to think that all the 

 tables were new." 



The most usual method to inultiply roses is by 

 buds and layers. Grafting succeeds better than j caught 



GAME IN NEW SOUTH WALES. 



The following account of the sjiorting, &c. at 

 Bathurst, in New South Wales, is given by a re- 

 cent traveller : — " Bream is caught in all the riv- 

 ers, bites very fast, and is nearly as large as the 

 salt-water fish of the same r.ame, caught on the 

 coast. The cod is the most remarkable fish at 

 Bathurst, and is not unfrequently caught as heavy 

 as fifty, sixty, and even ninety pounds ; when 

 in large quantities, they are generally 



budding with the choicest ro.ses. 



riant not rose bushes either during frosts or 

 great heat. 



Dry earth causes more fragrance, and higher 

 and stronirer colours. 



Moist earth, larger roses, less colour, and slow- 

 er and later growth. 



The rose will not flourish in pots or boxes, on 

 account of its numerous roots. 



The blooming of vellow roses may be anticipat 



dried, and may be seen in this state hanging up 

 inside the roofs of the settlers' houses. Game is 

 plentit'ul ; ducks, snipes, widgeon, teal, abounding 

 near the rivers. I saw eight black ducks brought 

 down at one shot, weighing, as I guessed, four 

 pounds each. These are delicious eating. Some- 

 times the settlers will throw uj) a breast-work of 

 boughs, near some favourite rendezvous of the 

 birds, close to the water, and when they have col- 

 lected near the spot, the sportsman fj-es from be- 



MAKNf.R. OF FORCING 



" Ras|ibcrries are forced 



RASPBERUIE3, 



at Haarlem. 



The 

 bushes are planted on the north and south sides of 

 a pit filled with tanner's bark, leaves or stable-lit- 

 ter. The shoots of last year -were at this time 

 laid down to a horizontal trellis [structure of wood 

 or iron] where they had yielded fruit in the ver- 

 nal months. All means of artificial heat were 

 now (29th August) of course removed. The 

 shoots of this year were allowed to spring up- 

 right ; and these will, in their turn, be laid down 

 to the trelhs at the approach of winter, when the 

 others will be cut away. The gardener told us 

 that raspberry plants thus treated, yield large 

 crcps ; and doubtless thej' are better adapted to 

 this mode of fcrcing than vines." 



O.V UAISIKe KEW VARIETIES OF FRUIT. 



" The experience of Mr. Van Mons, (a famous 

 Dutch horticulturist) confirms what has been ob- 

 served by British horticulturists, — that the fruit 

 produced by a seedling tree in the first year of 

 bearing, affords by no means a fair criterion of its 

 future merit. If a pear or an apple posj=e«s prong- 



ed, by pulliiiff off the buds and leaving but a few. ; ),ina his batter}', and doe.s dreadful mischief among 



Tlie hundred leaved rose will not flourish in.' them, forty ducks having been brought down in 

 the shade. this manner at one fire. The plover and bronze- 



The white double rose stifles the growth of vvinged pigeon are very numeroiLS, and easily shot ; 

 those near it ; particularly the yellow rose. ' the latter, especially, is a beautiful creature, and 



Prunins agrees generally with every species of i twice the size of the domestic [tigcon, looks well, 

 rose, except the yellow and the musk rose. and eats well at table ; but the be.st sport at Bath- 



If rose bushes are watered with a ley made urst is the quail ; this is the p;irtridge shooting of 

 from the ashes of burnt rose bushes the salts con- New South Wales generally ; but the Bathurst 

 tained in it will wonderfully contribute to their settlers seem to enjoy it in perfection, havmg a 

 growth. much greater scope of clean open country." 



SWAMPS. IMPORTANT ARTICLES OF TRADE. 



I have read of a swamp, of which meadow fiie deniaud for Rattlesnakes and Alligators, 

 coulil not be made ; and, being a disagreeable ob- foj the foreign market, is steady and the trade 

 ject, large deep ditches were dug, and the earth brisk. " It is a fact, {says the Savannah Geor- 

 thrown up into little islands, which were planted giau) tlio' perhaps not generally known, that both 

 with willows, and formed beautiful clumps of Rattlesnakes and Alligators are regularly reported 

 trees, here and there ; so that nothing was seen hy the Liverpool papers, as uiiports with Cotton, 

 but tliese trees, and various p^eps of water. The i Rjce, and other staple articles." Who will say 

 I ditches answered for fish ponds. I after this that the United States do not beat the 



Lombaidy poplar is planted about habitations j v/orld all hollow in the variety and value of their 



in America for ornament ; but an Italian gentle- 

 tuan says, in Italy it is sawed at mills, whilst green, 

 into boards of J, i to one inch thick, and into 

 plunk 2 to 3 inches thick; and is greatly ap- 

 plied to making packages for merchandize. Nails 

 are not apt to draw in these packages, the boards 

 whereof are thin, and the wood being tender is 

 easily cut ihto thin boards with hand-saws. In 

 20 years their trunks, be adds, grow to be 2 

 feet diameter and 30 long. Boxes of it made 

 strong for the u.se of vineyards last there 30 or 40 

 years, which induces the exjiectaiion that they 

 may last long in fenct-rails or logs. As fuel, he 

 savs it makes a much stronger fire than the wil- 



prodiictions .-' 



It must be owned, however, that the North, in- 

 genious as they are in the maiiufacture of wooden 

 nutmegs and pumpkin seeds, are obliged to yield 

 the palm to the south in their a,i-ticles of export : 

 and our Southern neighbors have no reason to 

 find fault with the tariff", while they monopolize 

 the snake and alligator trade — Berkshire American. 



Due for cotton. — Cotton at Smyrna is dyed with 

 madder, in the following manner : The cotton is 

 boiled in common olive oil, and then mild alkali — • 

 being cleaned it will then take the madder dye. 

 This is the fine color we see ui Smyrna cotton 



low. The weeping wiUow is a singular and val-iyarn. I have heard that the sum of five hundred 

 uable ornament. Of other willows and osiers, the pounds was given in England for this secret. 



