Vul. VII.— No. 4. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



29 



DOMESTIC ECONOMY. 



Some of the leading principles in domestic econo- 

 my may be comprised in few words. For in- 

 stance — 



Ready money purchases the best market. 



Keep a minute account of every outlay, howev- 

 er trifling. 



Be not tempted to purchase any unnecessary 

 article by its apparent cheapness. If your means 



court of their great and benevolent god Cautau- 

 towwit, or the south-western, god, the goil who is 

 superior to all other beings, who sends them every 

 blessing which they enjoy, and to whom tiie souls 

 of their fathers go after their disease. 



INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 



Tlie Vermont Chronicle has recently published 

 a valuable table of all the Canals and Rail Roads, 

 will allow it, do not buy in very small quantities completed or in progress in the United States. — 

 articles in constant family use, and which are not Among those completed, are the Middlesex Canal 



between Boston and Chelmsford, twenty nine and 

 a half miles long— Hudson and Erie, between Al- 

 bany and Buftaio, three hundred and sixty three 

 miles— Champlahi, Albany and Whitehall, sixty 

 tliree miles — Oswego, connecting the Hudson and 

 Erie Canal, thirty eight miles— Seneca, connect- 

 in" Seneca and Cayuga Lakes with the Hudson 

 and Erie Canal, twenty miles— Chesu[(eake and 

 Delaware, from Delaware river, fourteen miles — 

 Port Deposile to the Delaware line, ten miles— 

 Schuylkill, Philadelphia, to Mount Carbon, one 

 hundred and eight miles — Union, from Reading, to 

 Middletown, seventy nine miles — Dismal Swamji, 

 near the mouth of James River, to Albemarle 

 Sound, twenty three miles. There are ten other 

 Canals in progress and eleven others projected. — 

 Of the Rail Roads enumerated, two are finished, 

 one nearly completed, and nine projected.— Safcm 

 Oiisen'er. 



perishable. ' 



GUATEMALA. | 



The condition of this country, as described by \ 

 Mr Dmni, is deplorable. The population is com- 

 ]>o.sed of European Sjianiards, Creoles or Ameri- 

 cans descended from Spaniards, Indians, negroes, 

 mulattoes, mestizoes, &c. The whites are divid- 

 ed into two ])arties— one aristocratic and supersti- 

 tious ; the other republican, but of the French 

 revolutionary school. The mulattoes and other 

 mixed races form the physical force of the nation. 

 With some exceptions, all are ignorant, coriiipt 

 and licentious. Guatemala, is, pcrhai)s, the only 

 country on earth where females carry daggers in 

 the garters of their stockings for the purpose of 

 stabbing their fellow creatures. 



Intoxicating linuors are the great source of t!ie 

 wrelchedne.-is and degradation of the people in 

 Guatemala, as well as in some other countries.— 

 Habits of intoxicEtion prevail among the lower 

 classes ; the multitude of spirit shops offer power- 

 ful temptations, and the liquor is sold so cheap 

 that the poorest Indian can become beastly drunk 

 when he |)!cases. " Thes ■ wretched creatures," 

 says Mr Dunn, " may be seen rolling about the 

 streets and suburbs, in a state sometimes »p- 

 jiroaching to madness, and sometimes to insensi- 

 bility under its overpowering influence." — Havip. 

 Gaiette. " 



vInEGAR FROM HONEY. 



If a pound of honey be dissolved iu three or four 

 quarts of water, and exposed to a temperature be- 

 tween the 70th and 80th degrees of Fahrenheit's 

 ihermometer, it will in a short time become a very 



agreeable acid licpior, which possesses an aromat- ; land, however, is stiff, and deep ploughing is ne- 

 ic flavor, and strength superior to that of the best ' cessary, the operations ought not to be too much 

 wiuc vinegai- njade of white wine.— Domes. Ency. hurried. — Code of AgricvUurc. 



THE SOUTH WEST WIND. | j>/orfe o/;)r£Sfr!;ing tuHcr.— The following is tak- 



Th^ following beautiful passage is from one of\.|, fVoin the joiunal of a Turkish traveller: "The 

 the laiblished .-iern.ons of the Rev. Dr. Freeman, of ijutter which is mostly used iu Constantinople, 

 this city : The south-west is the pleasantest wind comes from Crim and "the Kuban. They do not 

 which blows iu New England. In the month of ^ait ij^ i„,t mejt it in large cofiper jiaiis over a very 

 October, in particular, after the frosts, which com- gio^y fire, and scum off what rises ; it will then 



Plou'^hmen. — To train ploughmen to habits of 

 activity and dihgence is of great importance. In 

 some districts they are proverbial for the slowness 

 of their step, which they teach their horses, where- 

 as those animals if accustomed to it, would move 

 with as much ease to themselves in a quick, as in 

 a slow pace. Hence their ploughs seldom go a- 

 1 bove two miles in an hour, and sometiines even 

 less ; whereas, where the soil is light and sandy, 

 they might go at the rate of three miles and an 

 half. Farmers are greater sufferers than they 

 imagine, by the habitual indolence of their work- 

 men, which extends from the plough to all their 

 other employments, for it makes a very important 

 difference in the expense of labour. Where the 



inoiily take jjlace at the end of September, it fre- 

 quently produces two or three weeks of fair weath- 

 er, in which the air is perfectly transparent, and 

 •he clouds which float in the sky of the purest 

 azure, are adorned with brilhant colors. If at 



preserve sweet a long time if the butter was fresh 

 when it was melted. We preserve luitter mostly 

 by salt. I have had butter, which when fresh 

 was melted and scummed in the Tartar manner, 

 and then salted in our manner, which kept two 



this season a man of an affectionate heart and years good and fine tasted. Washing does not so 

 ardent imagination should visit the tombs of iiis eflectualiy free butter from the curd and butter- 

 friends, the south-western breezes, as they breathe mjik^ which it is necessary to do,, in order to pre- 

 through the glowing trees, woi'ld seem to him al- jgerve it, as boihng or melting ; when the salt is 

 most articulate. Though he might not be so i addej ,o prevent the butyraoious part from grow- 

 wrapt in enthusiasm, as to fancy that the spirits of ^i„^ rancid, we certainly have the best process for 

 his ancestors were whispering in his ear; yet he Ijjreserving butter. The melting or boihng, if done 



would at least imagine that he heard the still, 

 small voice of God. This charming season is 

 called the Indian summer, a name which it deriv- 

 ed from the natives, who beheve that it is caused 

 by a wind, which comes immediately f;'om the 



with care, does net discolor or injure the taste." 



At a late meeting of the Koyal Institution, a 

 piece of cambric was exhibited, said to be made 

 floni the bark of the })ine-apple tree in China.. 



SEA WEED FOR MANURE. 



Ore weed, sea weed, sea ware, or sea wreck.— 

 These names are applied to all the vegetables 

 which grow plentifully in the sea, and on the mud- 

 dy and rocky parts of the shore below high water 

 mark. 



The sorts are chiafly three ; the kaU, or rock- 

 weed, which strongly adheres to rocks, and which 

 is allowed to be of the greatest value for manure. 

 The alga, called eel grass, or grass wreck, is of 

 the next rank as to its richness. But there is a- 

 nother sort, consisting of a broad leaf with a long 

 shank or stem, of an inch diameter, by some igno- 

 rantly called kelp ; this is said by Sir A. Purves 

 to be of the least value of any of the sea weeds. 

 However, none of them are unimportant for fertil- 

 izing the earth. 



All vegetables when putrefied are a good pabu- 

 lum for plants ; for they consist wholly of it. But ' 

 the vahie of marine vegetables is greater than that 

 of any other ; for, besides the virtues of the other, 

 they contain a large quantity of salt, v/hich is a 

 great fertihzer. Mr. Dixon thinks those weeds 

 which grov/ in the deepest water lae the best. — 

 Perhaps they contain a greater proportion of salt 

 than those which grow uear the s!;ore, as they are 

 seldom or never wetted with fi^^^h v.ater. 

 I A great advantage that these plants have above 

 i any other, is their speedy fernieiitation and putre- 

 j f-action. The farmer has no need to wait long af- 

 ter he has got them, before he applies them to the 

 I soil. The rock weed may he ploughed into the 

 j soil, as soon as it is taken from the sea. This is 

 I practised in those parts of Scotland which he near- 

 I est to the shore ; by which they obtain excellent 



j cro(is of b.arley, without impoverishing the soil 



j Neither have they any occasion for fallowing to 

 i recruit it. In hilis of potates, it answers nearly as 

 } well as barn dung. I have known some spread it 

 I upon young flax newly come up, who say it in- 

 1 creases their crops surprisingly. The flax may 

 ; grow so fast, and get above this manure and shade; 

 I it, so soon, as to prevent evaporation by the sun 

 ' and wind ; so that but a small part of it is lost ;— 

 and flax is so hardy a plaut that it does not suffer 

 bv the violence of thR salt, like many orher young 

 ; plants. 



j But I rather think it is best to putrefy sea weeds 

 j before they are apphed to the soil. Tiiis may 

 ! speedily be accomplished by laying them in heap?- 

 But the heaps should not he naked. Let them be 

 covered with loose eartli or turf; or else mixed 

 with it, changing to a salt cWy slime, very proper 

 to fertihze light soils, and not improper for almcsf 

 any other. ^ 



As to the eel grass, &c. the best v/ny is to cart 

 it in autumn into barn yards, filling the -ivliole are- 

 as with if, two or three feet deep. It may be ei- 

 ther alone, or have a layer of straw under, and 

 another above it. When it has been trampled to 

 pieces by the cattle, aud mixed with their stale 

 and dung, it will be the fittest to be ujjplied to the. 

 soil. It being a ViifUt and bibulou.i suljstance, it 

 will absorb the urine, which is totally ioit hy soak- 

 ing into the earth, unless some such trash be laid 

 under cattle to take it up, and retain it. 



Farmers who are situated near to the sea shore 

 have a great advantage for mauuriug their lands. 

 If they were once persuaded to n:ake a spirited 

 improvement, they might enrich their farms to al-, 

 most any degree that they, please. They should, 

 visit the shores aff er spring tides and violent storms , 

 and with pitchibrki; talie up the weeds, and lay 



