86 



EXTRACTS 



rrom an ■• Annual Atldress tlolivcred bcliirc llio Rhoiln JiUnd 

 Society for ilic cncourngcmcnl of Domestic Indiistrv." By 



WlLI.IAM E. KlCHMOXI). 



" Tlic moat obvious and the !no?t nattiral r!i\ is- 

 ion of liiiiiian lalioiir is tliiee-lolii — llie. Inlioiir ot' 

 Productin.i ; the lahotir of .Manufacture, and thfi 

 labour of DislrihUion. In tlie fust aio compre- 

 hended Agrifuhuie, Fisheries, Mining', rnd all 

 ofiier laboiirs by which crude materials arc cre- 

 ated, or reduced to the possession and use of man. 

 lu tlie second division is included every process 

 by which the crude productions of nature and of 

 art are prepared for consmnption. The. third 

 division compreliends tlie labours bestowed in 

 !he transportation of crude and nianui'actured 

 articles, as well from the producer to the man- 

 ufacturer, as from the latter to the cotisumer. 

 This simple view of the labours of tlio com- 

 ;nuniiy, mtitually dependant and depending as 

 hey are, should inculcate on our muids the unity 

 !ind indivisibility of their interests. United and 

 harmonious it' their moven^ents, they support and 

 issist each other, while they jiromote the common 

 ;velfarc : Divided and discordant in their views 

 and operations, their jealousies are destructive to 

 'heniselves and to the commonwealLli. Let it, 

 ;hcn, be our first object, with all our powers, to 

 promote so desirable a union of sentiment and 

 feeling. Without the Farsisr, society could not 

 exist: Without the Manufacturkr, it could not 

 exist in comfort : Without the Merchant it 

 couW not enjoy the conveniences and UixurieH 

 svhich it desiies. 



In praise of »3r,"nc!(/Ji(re, that parent and nurse 

 • >f civilization and the arts, and in recotntnending 

 iicr to the patronage of an enlightened pccple, 

 too much cannot be said. It was observed by 

 the most eloquent of that school of philosophers 

 which laid tlie train for tlie grand moral explo- 

 sion, which distitiguished the close of tfie last 

 'ontury : — That he who first enclesed a field, 

 and planted it, and called it bis own, laid the 

 corner stone of the sacial structure, and is ac- 

 countable for all the evils of society. There 

 is more of spleen and misanthiopy in this sen- 

 iment, however redeemed by the splendid style 

 ^u which it is dressed, than of .sound argument. 

 Xi supposes as true the very tiling which was to 

 ■)C demonstrated ; nameh', that society is a curse, 

 •listead of a blessing to mankind. I fpiote the 

 sentiment, however, for the pmi'osc of proving 

 that the appropriation, enclcstu-o and cultivation 

 of Inmts are the bases cf human society and civ- 

 ilization. Rousseau, himself, admits, that he who 

 opposes them is a savage, antl, that hs who would 

 abrogate them wishes to become a savage. It is 

 by permanent residence and exclusive proprietor- 

 .ship, only, that men are encouraged to till the 

 earth — that a surphis of food is produced for the 

 supjjort of handicraft trades — thr.t population is 

 condensed and v/eahh accumulutcd — that the 

 ':: h,"'.- arts and sciences are cultivated — that 

 >ocit:;y is protected and embellished.. No friend 

 i>f our race wmdd wish to restore that miscalled 

 golden age, when man, .is ferocious as the tyger, 

 tay in ambush for the weaker animals, or, in his 

 'urn, fell a prey to the more powerful ones, by 

 which he was surrounded. 



^The labours of Husbandry are among the 

 most healthy and invigorating employments of 

 •nan. " God made the country," says the prov- 

 erb. Rural piusuits, more than any other, pre- 



NEW_ENGLAND FARMER, 



serve the simplicity of manners and innocence of 

 life wliich constitute the charm and promote the 

 happiness of society. It is impossible to conceive 

 a more attractive picture of life than that pre- 

 sented by a well-settled rural neighbourhood, 

 1 where the laiuls arc fertile and well cultivated ; 

 the buildings, fences and reads in good repair ; 

 the men industrious and temperate ; the women 

 good house-wives, faithfid coinpanions and tender 

 mothers ; the cliildren well schooled, obedient 

 and mannerly ; tliO clergyman a teacher by 

 exaini'le, as well as by precept ; the physician 

 and lawyer, skilled in their professions, snp])orted 

 by their farms, and, emphatically, the guardians 

 of the health and property of their neighboms ; 

 the school-master learned, faithfid, and beloved 

 by his pupils. In the unruffled bosom of such 

 a retreat the votary of p.nlitics or pleasure might 

 calndy bid adieu to the storms and frivolities of 

 the world, " nor cast one longing, lingering look 

 behind." How many such httle communities 

 may be foimd in this our country, where exist 

 the elements of that power which constitutes, at 

 once, its safety, and renown! Farmers, your lot 

 is tridy enviable. You cannot be unmindful of 

 , its advantages. On you, as the most numerotis 

 I and virtuous, as well as the most permanent and 

 I independent class of this great nation, depend its 

 present welfnre and its future hopes. 1 will n( t 

 I presume to instruct you in any branch of your 

 I own profession ; but permit me to impress upon 

 I yoii its dignity and importance — to incite you, to 

 prefer it to all others, tor the settlement of your 

 sons in life ; and to qualify them, by a proper 

 education, to till it, with success and respecta- 

 bility. It is an crroncoiis opinion, that none but 

 proftssioncl hien, so called, shoidd be liberally 

 cdncated. Every henest calling is more or less 

 proiitablc, and, consequently, respectable, in pro- 

 portion to the intelligence, generally possessed by 

 i those who follow it. An acquaintance with 

 belles Icttres and the tnoral sciences enables the 

 farmer to particijiate, with honour and usefulness, 

 in the politics of his country. An acquaintance 

 with the physical sciences explains to him the 

 principles of his profession, and qualities him to 

 assist the operations of nature with the sugges- 

 tions of an enlightened philosophy. Educate 

 your children, then. If you cannot spare your 

 sons to go to college, encourage well-educated 

 collegians to settle among you, as teachers. — 

 Mingling the instructions of such men with their 

 ordinary employments, your sons will grov/ up in 

 the daily ap)dication of theory to practice. They 

 will unite to a thorough and scientific knowledge 

 of their profession, those acquisitions in general 

 science, which qualify men to act their parts, as 

 members of the body politic — as legislators and 

 as statesmen." 



Augusi 2-2, lS2h' 



VARIOUS KINDS OF INTEMPERANCE. 



Doctor D. M, Reese, a rcs]>ectable physician of 

 New- York, in a work recently pubhshed, consid- 

 ers intemperance as the proiiHc mother of human 

 miseries, and is of opinion that if mankind were 

 universally temperate in all respects, casualty and 

 (dd age would be the chief ]iassports to the grave. 

 He notices several species of Iiitcnqierance : — In- 

 temperance in Drinking, Intemperate Eating, In- 

 tenq)erate Sleeping, Iiitenqierance in Clothing, 

 IntetTi[)erate Labour, Depraved Appetites, &c. 



Intemperanee in Clothing. -^Vir. R. points cut the 

 ill effects on health of tight lacing, and remarks 

 that almost every professional man has witi^essed 

 the fatal results of this abomination. He dissect- 

 ed the bodies of two young females who had 

 died of disease caused by tight lacing, and found 

 " the adhesion of parts and the derangement of 

 structure truly frightful." He adds, "the ingenu- 

 ity of the ladies, perhaps, coukl not be better ex- 

 erted than in contriving some method of prevent- 

 ing such havoc as is usually occasioned among 

 them i'rom tight lacing and thin dressing." 



Ealing opium and snuff-— T)t. R. states as a fact 

 well known to the faculty, that hunch-eds of fe- 

 nrales in our large cities are in the dady use of 

 taking opium. " This is neither more nor less 

 than a fashionable way of getting drunk, and 

 ought to be frovtTicd upon by every husband and 

 father." 



Dr. R. saj's he has known two instances of 

 death from eating snvff, " a habit which is per- 

 haps increasing among the ladies of our country 

 with a rapidity onlj- equalled bj' tlie ravages of 

 ardent spirits, and which is no less ruinous to 

 health and destructive to life." "This practice 

 has its origin in using the Scotch snuff as a tooth 

 powder, — a fondness is soon acquired tor it, and 

 hundreds among us, espccinlly among our females, 

 get drunk upon it every day of their lives." The 

 effects are paleness of countenance, torpor of 

 body, stupor of mind, diseases of the stomach, 

 lungs, &c. 



Drinking malt lii^uors to excess. — In Great Brit- 

 ain, diseases arc increased in number and 'jitality 

 by the large quantity of malt liquor drank in their 

 community. Sudden deaths are frequent among 

 those who drink habitually and excessively of 

 these liquors. 



Cold water Dr. R. says " that death seldom 



occurs from drinking water, except in constitu- 

 tions previously impaired by some of tho other 

 species of inteinpejance." 



Drinking ardent spirits. — This is the worst kind 

 of intemperance, and in criminality, and the mag- 

 nificence of its evils, outweighs all the rest. — 

 Hampshire Gazette. 



Folding sheep. — Cotting,.cr folding of sheep, is 

 a practice more or less extensively followed with 

 particular breed.s and in particular districts, but 

 now generally on the decline. It was formerly 

 thought to be indispensibly necessary to the suc- 

 cess of the farmer in different districts; but of late 

 a different opinion has prevailed, except in parti- 

 cular cases, and it is considered as merely enrich- 

 ing one field at the expense of another. The ob- 

 ject is to enrich the arable land ; but as this is done 

 at the expense of the pasture, it is truly, as Bake- 

 well expresscrs it, "robbing Peter to pay Paul." 



A gentleman in the Strand, London, has just a- 

 dopted a mode of generating gas over a common 

 kitchen fire, and of purifying it so well by a new 

 process, which is yet a secret, that it may not on- 

 ly be introduced with safety into houses, but with- 

 out causing any bad smell. The novelty of the 

 invention consists principally in the adaptation of 

 a retort to a common kitchen fire. 



Chesnut ii-ees. — It is stated iu Philips' History of 

 Fruits, that the great chesnut tree near Mount 

 Etna, is perhaps one of the most extraordinary 

 trees in the old world. It is called "the chesnut 

 tree of a hundred horses," from the following tra- 

 ditionary talc : Jean of Arragon, when sho visit- 



