NEW EM©1^AMI> FARM EU. 



Pablhhed % John B. Russell, a t Ab. 52 Mrlh Market Street, (over the Jip-icnlhiral /rftre/loMsej.-THOMXs G. Fessenden, jGrfi<oj-. 



VOL. VII. 



BOSTON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 1828. 



No. 9. 



AGIIICULTUKE. 



(H>- Ihc E.lilDr.) 



IMPLEMBNTS OF AGRICULTURE. 



Every gi>0(j iiusbandman will lay it down as a 

 rule, to have an inveutory of all his agricultural 

 iral)Ielllellt^;, and other articles, necessary for the 

 cultivation of his farm ; and frequently inspect 

 them, that lie may be sure that the requisite re- 

 pairs are made in due time. An implement, like- 

 wise, that if not longer wanted during the season, 

 ought not o:dy lo he carefully housed, hut before 

 it is put aside, it should be well cleaned, rendered 

 perfectly dry, (Wed, or, if :nade of iron, painted, 

 and kept so as ro be ready when wanted. 



Sir John Sinclair observes that no circum- 

 stance marls more the character of an attentive 

 luisbandma.i than great attention to his farming 

 implements. Upon every farm, also, there ought 

 to be one or more places, properly constructed, 

 for holding the larger implements ; and some se- 

 cure place allotted, for containing the smaller 

 tools. Where machines are necessarily exposed 

 iu the field a great part of the season, they re- 

 quire to be new |)ainted at least every second 

 year. This defends them, not only from drought 

 but also from rain and rust. 



The introduction of new implements into a 

 district is often a matter of great difficulty, ow'ng 

 to t!ie ignorance, the prejudices, and the obstina- 

 cy of farm servants and labourers. Many fann- 

 ers, therefore, veiy absurdly retain their old un- 

 plements, though convinced of 

 rather than sour the temper of their labourers 1)\ | 

 attempting to introduce new ones. In several 

 cases, however, by attention, perseverance, and 

 by rewarding those servants who have been in- 

 duced to give the new machines a fair trial, they 

 liave succeeded in the attempt. 



The importance of pro|)er imijlements is such 

 that the melioration of those in use would be an 

 essential advantage to agriculture ; and great as 

 are the mechanical improvements which have 

 been already made, many of them are capable of 

 being brought to still greater perfection. Persons 

 of gemus and experience, therefore, ought to be 

 encouraged to devote their rime and attention to 

 this important object ; and to exert themselves, 

 either to improve the various sorts of implements 

 now in use, on scientific principles, or in the in- 

 vention of superior ones, as circumstances may 

 require. The discovery of an useful implement, 

 by which the labours of agriculture can be abridg- 

 ed, or brought to a still higher degree of perfec- 

 tion, and the expense of cultivation at the same 

 time diminished, cannot be too much encoura-rerl. 

 as likely to prove of essential service, both to the 

 tarmer, and to the public. It is calculated indeed, 

 that an nnmense advantage would accrue, from 

 even the general adoption of the improved imple- 

 ments now m use in panicular districts. Mr Cm-- 

 wen is of opinion, that the fanners in the soufli- 

 ern counties of England, lose at the rate of 2.5 per 

 cent, by the heavy carts and wagons they employ; 

 and there can be no doubt, that the introduction 

 of two-horse ploughs and threshing machines, 

 wl-rv,. these implements are unknown, would les- 



sen the 

 more. 



expense of labor at least 10 per cent. 



GENERAL RULES FOR THE CONSTRUC- 

 TION OF FARM BUILDINGS. 



In constructing farm buildings the following 

 riiles should be attended to. 



Though a circle contains most space within 

 tlie smallest possible inclosure, yet with few ex- 

 Cfptions, it is the least adapted for subdivision, 

 and the most extensive in execution ; while the 

 sfuare, and parallelogram, will be found the least 

 costly, and the most commodious. 



In low buildings, where the roof and joistin" 

 aie the most expensive articles, the oblong form 

 wll be preferable, particularly when such a form 

 is. in other respects, best adapted to the purposes 

 required. 



The cheapest buildings are those whose plan is 

 ontained within fnur straight lines. All projec- 

 tions add considerably to the expense, by the ex- 

 tra corners, breaks in the roof, &c. 



WATER IN FARM YARDS. 



The author of Husbandry in Scotland, is of 

 opinion that when cattle are fed iu winter on dry 

 fiod, as hay or straw, no expense should be spar- 

 ed in supplying them with a sufficient quartity of 

 water. It has been ascertained, that a !;uIlock 

 feeding upon straw, having water at cmumand, 

 will drink of it eight times a day : hence 't i.s evi- 

 dent that he cannot get enough, if only driven 

 their inferiorhv. j '"'''"<' " '^^V '" =>" adjoming stream or pond. It is 

 therefore, advisable, wiere it can be done, to 

 brim; water into a cistern in the fold-yard, to 

 which the cattle may go whenever thev are in 

 want of it. The cistern may be made of rough 

 masonry, and consequently would not be exjieu- 

 sive. There can be no doubt that cattle would 

 improve much more rapidly, more espei-ially on 

 coarse fare, when thus supplied with water, than 

 if they were only occasionally driven to it. 



es, may have suffered its loss. The constant ap- 

 plication of salt lia.s been found to give strength 

 and luxuriance to hair which was falling off, and 

 causing rapid baldness. Thiols a simple and 

 cheaj) remedy worth trying Domestic Enriir. 



KOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



Mu. Ff.ssekden — I have lately been in the 

 county of York, Me. where a number of your sub- 

 scribers — who are not half so numerous as they 

 ouglit to b<^, for their own advantage — are desir- 

 ous of obtaining information on the following sub- 

 jects : — The best mode of niakiug a syrup and a 

 wine of the elder berry juice : Tlie best season 

 and mode of transplanting our native forest trees 

 and shrubs for ornamenting the grounds about 

 house.s, roads, &:c. Any information you may 

 find it convenient to communicate on these topics, 

 will be gratefully received, I doubt not, in the 

 county of York, and certainly by a subscriber in 

 Massachusetts. 



GRATER CIDER MILL. 



Of the nndritude of new inventions which the 

 ingenuity of our countrymen annually brings 

 forth, it is unquestionably true that a considerable 

 proportion are of but little practical utihty, while 

 others entirely supersede the modes by which the 

 .same effect was bef ire produced. Among the 

 latter, we have no doubt, the new " Grater Cider 

 Mill" is destined to be ranked. We examined it 

 last fall, and saw its operation, and are satisfied 

 that the saving made by it, both in the power re- 

 quired for propelling it, and in the rapidity of ex- 

 ecution, is very great. The apples are ground, 

 or rather grated, very fine, so that all the juice 

 may more readily be pressed out, while the seeds 

 are left whole, so that they do not communicate 

 their bitterness to the liquor. We therefore do 

 not hesitate to recommend it to the public, and 

 this we do entirely from our conviction of its util- 

 ity, and without the solicitation of any person 

 whatever. — Mass. Sjy. 



Hair Restorative. — It has been ascertained that 

 the daily application of salt will restore hair to 

 the heads of those w ho, from fever or other caus- 



By the Editor. — We are happy to comply with 

 the request of our respected correspondent to the 

 extent of our information, and would be obliged 

 to friends and well wishers to the objects of our 

 e-stablishment fjr any notices relating to the topics 

 of his inquiry. 



The following recipe is transcribed from the 

 JS'ew .American Gardener. It was originally taken 

 tVoui an En;glisli publication. We have never 

 made trial of it, and cannot vouch for it, though 

 we have no raasoii to doubt its correctness. 



To miaa iSnir-herrj nine One bushel, when 



picked from the stalks, jiroduces three gallons, 

 or upwards, of berries ; put these to seven galls, 

 of soft water ; after standing forty-eight hours, 

 put them into the copper, let them boil one hour, 

 then press the juice through a coarse cloth ; then 

 put the liquor into your copper again, with twenty 

 pounds of raw sugar, half a pound of Jamaica 

 ginger, bruised, one ounce of cloves, and one 

 ounce of allspice. Boil the whole together one 

 hnur, then put it into a tub, and, when cold 

 enough, add some good yest spread on a toast, 

 and in two days |)ut it ail into a cask, and lay the 

 bung light'y on for two months ; then add one 

 quart of brandy ; this wine will keep for several 

 years. 



With regard to making a syrup of the juice of 

 the elder-berry, we have seen no prescription, but 

 presume hat the process is very simple. Willich's 

 Domestic Encyclopedia says, " The berries [of the 

 elder] are poisonous to poultry ; but their juice 

 being bi>i!cd down to an extract, and sweetened 

 with sugar, (this composition being termed roh,) is 

 a gentle aperient, and promotes perspiration." 



With regard to forest trees, we shall give some 

 directions from authors of established reputation. 

 M. Blahon says, " Evergreen trees and shrubs 

 may be planted with good success any time in 

 March, in most of the Southern States ; but in 

 the Middle States it should not be attempted be- 

 fore the last week therein, nor in the Eastern 

 States before the beginning" or middle of April : 

 these kinds are always most successfully planted 

 when done immediately before thoir respective veg- 



