NEW ENGLrANB FARMEH. 



Published by John B. Russell, at .Yo. 52 .VocWi Market Street, (over the Agricultural Warehouse) Thomas G. Fessendbn, Brfitoc. 



VOL. VII. 



BOSTON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, iM. 



No. 10. 



AGRICULTUi^E. 



FOB THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



FRUIT TREES. 



Mr Fessendkn — It is pnssiblc that the follow- 

 ing crude hints may be useful to some of my less 

 experienced brother-faruievs. 



Within a few years 1 have transplanted on my 

 farm several hundred ap})Ie trees, some of which 

 have been set in Spring, and some in Autumn. — 

 But not remembering to have lost a shigle tree, I 

 am unable to say wliieh time is the best. 



The method I have generally pursued is this : 

 wherever the .»oil is thinner, or the land dryer than 



1 could wish, I direct the holes to be dug about 4 

 feet in diameter, and from 20 to 24 inches deep. 

 And the earth taken from below what is useftd as 

 soil, we cart into the road, or wherever it may be 

 wanted, and return to the holes an equal quantity 

 of those small stones which are usually consider- 

 ed a nuisance ; with these we intermix any kind 

 of compost, or good soil from the road. In re- 

 gard to trees in general, I have ever found advan- 

 tage from intern!i.\ing from tlie earth, while set- 

 ting, a bushel of rotten manure to each tree. 



In digging up the trees we are careful to rob 

 the^ as little as possible of their roots ; and aim 

 to diminish the lateral branches by pruning about 

 as much as the roots have lost in taking up. VVe 

 set the trees about as deep as they stood in the 

 nursery ; treading the ground as hard as we can 

 around them ; setting out, and keeping them 

 erect ; and let them stand without stakes ; or 

 being vi.sited by any horned cattle. 1 



It is surpiising to see how rapidly these trees I 

 have grown. There are several now in fair view, 

 which Were set out in the beginniiig of May last, 

 on which may be seen a full grown handsome ap- 

 I pie. The conclusion will undoubtedly be drawn 

 that the.se trees must have been thrifty, and of 

 handsome size when removed. They were ; and 

 thousands equally good are now for sale, by. Sir, 

 Yours respectfullv, 



JSTtwlon, Septr53, 1828. J. KENRICK. 



ABRIDGED COMMUNICATIONS. 



(From T.oudon's Ma£;aziiie.) 



1. Cape Broccoli. — This is grown in great per- 

 fection in the following manner : In an open, 

 warm situatioy, during the first week in June, 

 mark out holes in rows 3 feet apart, and nearly 2 

 feet over ; dig out the holes to the depth of 1 ft. 

 fill half up with rotten dung, and cover this with 



2 inches of the mould, which wdl leave a cavity 

 of four or five inches below the surface ; on this 

 sow seeds thinly, rake in, and dust the surface 

 with goot ; when the j)lants have risen three or 

 four inche.s, select three of the strongest to stand 

 for use, earthing up as they advance, and water- 

 ing if the season be dry — JViUiam Boyce, Kings- 

 cote Gardens, Sept. 1, 1827. 



2. Reed Mats. — The.se are. not used in gardens 

 so much as they deserve to be. Many beds of 

 useful and ornamental plants require temporary 

 covering, either from the winter's fi-ost or suni- 

 mer's sun. Flower beds, as those of tulips. Sec. 

 maybe protected by the simple contrivance of 

 leaning two mats against each other, like the roof 



J"faSew^fT."r.\'. ■ 



of a house, and fixing them to a frame of stakes 

 and poles, on which they may be rolled up or let 

 down at pleasure ; or if each mat were stretched 

 and fintened to thin ledges of wood and painted, 

 tli-y Wduld be more durable, and withal so porta- 

 ble, that they might be used for any [)urpose, and 

 at any time."—.?. .Ipril 10, 1828. 



.3. To keep the common Blue Plum. — Glass ves- 

 sels, or small wooden casks made air and water 

 tight, are used for this purpose. When ripe, the 

 fruit is gathered with great care (the hands being 

 covered with soft gloves, and only the stalks 

 toucheil, in order to preserve the bloom), and laid 

 one by one in the ve.ssel till it is full. The vessels 

 are then closely covered by wet bladders so as to 

 com)>letely exclude the air, and buried in the 

 ground, or suspended in cisterns, wells, or cellars, 

 out of the reach of frost. In February or March 

 they rnav be used, and. if the above precautions 

 have been taken, will be found excellent. The 

 vessels should be small-.sized ; as the fruit remains 



good but a very short time after being opened. 



T. A. Meyer. Clapton JVursery, Jan. 3. 



4. To keep Pears. — In the north of Germany 

 thcv keen winter pears packed in wooden boxes 

 or casks, interlayered with clean .sweet straw, 

 closely shut down, and placed in a room out of 

 the reach of frost. The fruit require examination 

 every month, that those beginning to speck may 

 be used or taken out. — Id. 



.5. Management of the Fig. — In the autumn, be- 

 fore the leaves drop from the tree, pull off all the 

 ereen fruit, because few of them will survive the 

 winter. This, however, should be done before 

 the leaves fall, otherwise the wounds do not heal. 

 Tt is attended with this advantage, that where one 

 fruit is pulled off, two generally burst from the 

 place in the following spring. If the trees (in 

 pots) are placed in an airy, yet sheltered s'ltuation, 

 and carefully defended from frost during winter, 

 thev, under ordinary management, yield plentiful 

 crop.s the ensuing summer. — Id. 



6. Protecting Fines from Spring Frost. — In the 

 we.st of Germany, where the vine is extensively 

 cultivated, especially near the Rhme and Moselle, 

 the vounff shoots of the vine are often killed by 

 niffht-frost. which at once destroys the crop of the 

 pre.sent year, and injures the trees for several 

 years to come. To avoid this misfortune, the hus- 

 bandmen, on evenings when they expect a frost, 

 light a fire on the west side of the vineyard, and 

 keep it up all night. For this purpose, they col- 

 lect green boucrhs of trees, wet straw, rubbish, 

 hav, weeds, or any other litter which will burn 

 slowlv, and emit much smoke. This remedy is 

 effectual, and. if neglected, the vineyard sufters ; 

 the early check prevents the ripening of the 

 wood, and. without this takes place, no great erop 

 can be expected in the following year Id. " 



It has been recommended to sow the seeds of 

 cherries, i)eaches, and some other fruits which are 

 of perishable nature as soon after the fruit is 

 ripe as possible. If the seads are kept till the 

 next spring they become dried through, and the 

 vegetative principle is destroyed. It is a good 

 I)lan to keep small and rare seeds in their pods 

 till the season for sowing them. 



rOR THE NEW ENGLAND FAKMEB. . 



Mr. Fessende.v — In your paper of the 15th 

 inst. you mention as an important circumstance, 

 that the Bread-fruit Tree is about to be introduc- 

 ed into tlie gardens of the London Horticultural 

 Society at Chiswick. To show that our Ameri- 

 can establishments are not behind those of Eu- 

 rope, I have to state that three species of the 

 Bread-fruit have been cultivated at Mr. Prince's 

 Linnreun Botanic Garden at New-York for a 

 number of years, viz. the Artocarpus incisa, or O- 

 taheite bread-fruit, Artocarpus sinensis, or Chi- 

 nese, and Artocarpus nucifera, or Nut-bearing, of 

 each of which species he has from six to twelve 

 plants ill a most flourishing state. The ,price of 

 the first named species at London in the spring of 

 1827, was seven to ten guineas each plant ; in 

 Mr. Prince's catalogue they ai'e priced at $10 each. 



SOWING FRUIT WITH THE SEEDS, &c. 

 Darwin savs when the fruit which surrounds 

 any kind of seeds can be sowed along with them, 

 it may answer some useful purpose. Thus the 

 fruits of crabs, quinces, and some hard pears, will 

 be all the winter uninjured covered only with their 

 autumnal leaves, and will contribute much to 

 nourish their germinating seeds in the spring. 



DOUBLE CARTS. 



Mr Fes:?ende>j — In Loudon's Encyclopedia of 

 Agriculture, page 402, is a description of a wag- 

 on, which is so contrived that it may be changed 

 into two Cults by separating the forward from the 

 hind wheels, without any other alteration. I wish 

 to inquire of you, or through the medium of your 

 useful paper, whether there are any such wagons 

 used in or near Boston ? If so, do they answer a 

 goofl purpo.se ? What are the best dimensions 

 for one ? And what would probably be the cost 

 of one.-' By communicating any information rel- 

 ative to the subject, vou wdl foiifer a favor on 

 A SUBSCRIBER. 



fVestminster, Ft. Sept. 18, 1828. 



Rcinarks by the Editor. — The wagon alluded to 

 by our correspondent, is thus described by Mr 

 Loudon : 



" Rood's Patent Wagon is a contrivance where- 

 by the same carriage may, in a few minutes, be 

 changed into two complete tiji-carts of the com- 

 mon dimensions, and applicable to all the uses of 

 carts in general, or into one wagon, so complete, 

 that a naiTovv' inspection is necessary to distin- 

 guish it from a common wagon. The carts have 

 a contrivance to render them more safe and easy 

 to the horse in going down a hill, and have mov- 

 able side laildcrs, which will be found of great 

 use in carrying corn, bark, &c. It may be con- 

 structed with perfect facility by the wheel-wrights 

 of any county ; its shape and particular dimen- 

 sions can be suited to the wishes of the owner, or 



to the particular fashion of his neighborhood 



The result of considerable experience and en- 

 quiries enables its inventor to state, that it may in 

 any county, be completed for about five pounds, 

 (S22,20) n. no than the cost of two cominnn carts 

 It must, however, be admitted to be f-onr 



