Voi.vii.— No.n. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



85 



interspersed and contrasted with the dehcate Ta- 

 ■marii, of Europe, the Paper mulberry now bearing 

 its curious fruit, and tlie several species of shrub- 

 by tciUows, and poplars ; tlie sjilenilid Anchiisa ca- 



pensis with its azure blossoms, and the no less lux- , . . , , , ... . • , 



uriant Balsamine, and thousands of others which d-awn from tins bark appears blue at the ou sr e 



we .ni-ht n.ention, are all disposed in the most "'Ix- •n<l>go ; but it gives on paper the fuiest black 



bark is to that of Campeachy logwood exactly as 

 1,857 to 1. Leather prepared with this substance 

 is more firm and solid, and yet more supple. This 

 bark is the best substance for making ink ; mixed 

 with iron, it becomes a bluish black. The liquor 



artful manner to heighten tlie eft'ect, and at the 

 same time to conceal the appearance of art. 



In the Northern parts of the garden are contain 

 ed the nurseries ; samples of each kind of tree 

 which are kept in the nurseries are distributed in 

 the beds. To the left of the garden an avenue 

 leads to a Rustic Arbor curiously constructed of 

 the crooked limbs of trees, in their rough state, 

 covered with bark and moss ; from the top of this 

 arbor a view of the whole garden, and the sur- 

 rounding scenery is rxhibited,extcnd!ng to Staten 

 Island, the bay. Governor's Island, and the city ; 

 at some distance from the rustic arbor is the 

 French saloon, a beautiful oval, skirted with pri- 

 vet, Ligusirum, kept dwarfed to the height of n 

 foot a;id enclosing a s-olid mass of China monthly 

 loses. The various kinds of fruit trees are care- 



In dyeing it has a greater affinity for wool lluui 

 sumach, and gall-nuts. The color obtained from 

 this substance is unchangeable by air and light. 



YEAST. 



The following methods of making yeast have 

 been recommended. 



1st. Bod one pound of good flour, a quarter of 

 a pound of brown sugar, and a little •salt, in \\\o 

 gallons of water for one hour ; when milk warm, 

 bottle it and cork it close ; it will be fit for use in 

 twenty-four hours. One pint of this will make 18 

 pounds of bread. 



2d. To a ))ound of mashed potatos, (mealy 

 ones are best) add two ounces of brown sugar, 

 and two spoonfuls of common yeast ; the potatos 

 first to be ))ulped through a cullender, and mixed 



, , , 1 ,• . 1 with v/arm water to a proper consistence. Ihus 



ful v arranged, and the lanes leading to them are •,, , i c i 



, ■ , • , , !■£;■ • • 1 • . , a pound of potatos will make a pound of good 



skirted with the diftrrcnt species ni a bearing state, ' ,,'.., , i ■!„ c... ° . . 



' , ..... I r • I .1 veast. Keep u moderately warm while lernient- 



for bctlcr cxhibilion, and to furnish the necessary ; ;' — .'.-.. ■'. ., ,^ ., 



grafts for the estahli.-liinent. 



The green-house deiiartment, although not so ,, ,, . i", i i i „ ij;. „ 



.^ . ' ... .^ Well. No susar IS used by bakers v.her. adding 



extensive as some in our vicinity, contains many ' • •' 



beautiful plants exhibited with the same tasteful 



arrangement which characterizes the. whole of Mr 



Parmcntier's establishment ; even tlie method in 



disi>osing the pots according to some principle of 



grou[)ing or contrasting the color and size of the 



flowers, entertains the eye. and shows the variety 



of ways in which a skillful gardener may dis- 



tribute his materials to produce pictunsque effect. 



The manner of protecting the plants from the 

 violence of the weather, or the heat of tlie sun, is 

 quite novel ; canvass covers being so managed as 

 to be rolled or unrolled with the greatest case 

 and despatch by means of ropes and piillies ; the 

 necessity of some such screen is quite obvious, 

 when plants and particularly tender exotics are 

 exposed to our excessive sun, and yet it is too 

 generally neglected among our gardeners. 



We are gratifie i in recommending this cstab- 

 iishment as one cf the few examples in our neigh 



ing. This recipe is in sub.stance, from Dr. Ilun- 

 I ter, who observes that veast so made will keep 

 1 well. 



the pulp of iiotatos to their rising. 



From Eliol's Field Husbandry 



IJIPROVEMENT OF MEADOW LAND. 



The drained land hath succeeded so well these 

 two years past, that the same land which might 

 he bought five or six years past, for six pounds 

 per acre, will now sell for an hundred |)ounds 

 per acre ; nay, even although it be not cleared of 

 the wood and brush, provided the growth be kill- 

 ed with previous flowing. 



I?y the way, I would observe, that if n svrai.ip 

 be full of small brush, and but few great tree?, the 

 cheapest and best way is to flow it, and kill it 

 with the water ; but if there be but little small 

 brush, and the land be very thick with trees, it is 

 best to clear it Viy hand ; for when it is killed Avith 

 drowning the land, tlie trees are extremely hard 

 to cut, so dolh but delay the time and increase 



borhood, of the art of laying out a garden so as j the charge. 



10 combine the priucijdes of the landscape with j I am told by a credible person that tried il, that 

 the conveniences of the nursery or orchard ; and the best way is to draw off the water at the be- 

 cvery proprietor who may have a piece of land ginning of the dog days ; the mud will be so heat- 

 which he wishes to arrange and embellish in this cd with the sun, that in this method tSie swam|) 

 manner may find it to bis advantage to consult will be more killed in one year, than it will be in 



Mr Parmentier. 



two years when the water is kept up all the time : 

 and it stands with reason it should do go ; for it is 

 the heat and scalding of the water or mud which 



French mode ofmnkin^ brandy peaches. — Preser- 

 ved fruit is generally clogging and oftentimes un- j ^^^,1, ,|,g business. 



wholesome, in consequence of its unmixed sweet- j |,a,,g observed, that where the water stands 

 ness. The following is the French mode of pre- ] ^1^,^^ j^„,j consequently keeps cool, the bushes 

 serving peaches, said to be preferable to any oth- | j^^^j „,j,^j. ^^c the longer before thev die. 

 or : Scald your peaches in hot water, then dip . ij,|t^ however, as this is not backed with much 

 them into strong lye, rub them with a cloth and | p^.pp,.ip„j.p,,^pry one must act his own judgment, 

 throw them into cold water— make a syrup of j gj^^g ,hg drained lands ere so valuable, wc 

 three-fourths of a i)ound of sugar to one pound of j j,i,p„,j extend that improvement as far as we can. 

 fniit— and when cold put an equal quanliiy of, , |,.,,.p nb^■el•ved in m fields there are .small 



braiiily. |sw:impsor frog-ponds, which have a good deep 



■il, and arc very ric'i, end would be prntitaMc 

 could thev be drained, but they lie low, and are 



Chesnul hark. — The bark of the chesnni tree 

 ii.ntains twice as mticb tanning matter as oak 

 huik, and nearly twice as niiica cobu'lng matter 

 as logwood. The coloring substance of chcsnut 



so com)-a 'Scl on all sides with high land,that it is 

 impossible to drain them in the ordinary way. — 



These swamp or frog ponds, contain a quarter of 

 an acre, some half an acre, and some two or three 

 acres. Let them be great or small, they are worth 

 bringing too, if jiossible, at a reasonable expense. 

 If they can be drained, and recovered at all, it 

 may be done in a way that is easy and cheap. 



1. In the first place, clear off all the bushes and 

 let the sun fall upon it ; and this alone will do 

 more than most men believe, especially if it be 

 not fed with s|)riiigs. 



If the sun did not draw off abundance of water 

 why do not the Mediterranean and Caspian Seas 

 drown all the country rouiiil, when there are so 

 many great rivers continually discharging them- 

 selves into those Seas, where there is no outlet ? 



2. Look round on all sides, and if on some side 

 of the swamp there be not some river or low 

 ground which is lower than the bottom of a frog 

 pond, which you desire to drain. On that side 

 near the edge of the pond, dig a hole so deep till 

 you come to a stratum or layer of gravel, or coarse 

 sand, then stoj), and by a ditch let the water out 

 of the pond or swamp into the hole ; and observe 

 if in the space of three djys the water begins to 

 soak away, you may expect by this means to drain 

 your land ; this snbterraiieons passage in time 

 will draw away the water. 



But in order to succeed, you will find in a few 

 days there will he a fine sediment, thin like a cob- 

 web in the b.jltom of the hole, whicii will entirely 

 stop the passage of the water : but this film is 

 ea.sily broken by stirring up the bottom v.ith a 

 hoe. 



When you have drawn off the water so that 

 you can ]dongh the ground, that will effectually 

 break up a jian bottom, so that the water will 

 soak away, and the land bo useful and profitable 

 for the lime to come. 



As the busltes that grow in these frog ponds 

 are button-wood, for the most l>art, it is difficult 

 to subdue them any other way but ploughing. 



This way of subterraneous draining is more un- 

 certain than when you have a visible outlet drain, 

 yet the trial may be with a little cliarge. 



I have known sundry r^iicb pieces cf land drain- 

 ed the common way, thai have been so good, that 

 in a short time they have jiaid all the charge ex- 

 pended uiion them, and would look as though 

 jthey never had been what they really once were. 

 I It is a common thing in swanij>s to find the 

 I moss two or three feet decj) : at first I was a 

 i great deal concerned about it, how 1 should get 

 'rid of it ; ;^s also whether the land would be of 

 : any worth if the moss was removed ; as is said, 

 I can the ru.sh grow up without mire ? can tlie flag 

 grow without water ? .so I found w hen the water 

 was drawn off by ditches, the moss grew so dry, 

 [that in a hot dry season in the summer, it would 

 jburn quite down to the ground ; but to burn that, 

 or any other trash that you would consume, set 

 fire to it when the weather is clear, the sun hot, 

 i and strong southerly wind, whicli malies fire 

 ■rage more fiercely, and do much more execution 

 than a northerly or westerly wind : in a norther- 

 ly wind the air is thin and light, so that the fire is 

 not strongly compressed ; the moist, heavy south 

 wind prevents the dissipation of the fire and ren- 

 ders it more compact. 



We sec a smith will swub and wet bis coals, by 

 which means the heat is greatly increased. Now 

 whether the reasoning be just or not, the fact is 

 certain, which is the chief couccrn of the farmer. 



