NEW MNU 



FAKMEIf. 



Published bj John B. Russell, at jVo. 52 JVorlh Market Street, (over the ^Iffricultiiral Warehouse). — Tiiojias G. Fessende>, Editor. 



VOL. VII 



A G R I C U iM IJ R E . 



BOSTON, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1828. 



No. 12. 



FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMEU. 



Ojircrs of the Essex .Iscricultitrnt Society, elected 

 S-pf. •25,'.'L 1). 1S28. 

 FREOERrCK HOWES, E-f). Salrrii, President. 

 Br.N.iAMiN P.VRKF.R. Ef^ij. of liriidfoivi "j 

 rSoLOJiON Lo\v, Est;. ot'Boxfonl, ( Tice 



E!!E>-. MosELY, Esq. Newhiirypc.rt, (Presidents. 

 Benjamin T. REEO.Ejsq. MiiiMehEail. j 

 A.NDKF.w Nichols, Esq. of Dniivers, Treasurer. 

 •John W. Proctor, Esq. of Daiivers, Correspond- 

 ing and Recording Secretary. 

 Trustees. 

 .Toliii Adams, Al)ij:iU Cheever, 



Joiiatliaii Iiigallf", Steplion Barker, 



JaiiK's Gardener, Daniel Putnam, 



Daniel Adams, James H. Duncan. 



Asa T. Newliall, Jesse Putnam, 



.•^tepIuMi Al)l)ot, Moses Newell, 



Jesse Kimball David Gray, 



Richard Stewart, Jacob Towne, Jr. 



Azor Brown, Tli.'inas Payson, 



Jeremiali Colrnan. Wm. P. Endicott, 



Krasttis Ware, Paid U))ton, 



Jeremiah S|)oflorJ, ^^'illtl)rl•|) Low. 



Mest, J. W. PROCTOR, Sec'y. 



are absolutely irrecoiicilal)le, the latter must of 

 conrse he rejected. 



QUERIES. 



Mn. Fessencen, — An answer to the i'dlnwing 

 questions in the New Engfland Farmer would be 

 gratefully received by at least one of your sub- 

 scribers : When it becomes necessary to remove 

 apple trees from the jrround nn vvliicli they stand, 

 being thritty and in a bearing state, which are 

 from three to eight inclies diameter, can they be 

 transplanted with a prospect of success ? And if 

 they can, what is the best method, and wliat is 

 the best time in the year for transplanting .•' 



October 8ih, 1828. A. B. 



TWO SORTS OF PEARS NATURALLY 

 PRODUCED ON TiJE SAME TREE. 



Mr Fesse.ndek — I send b}' the bearer, two 

 pears taken from a seedling tree, planted here, 

 about thirty years ago, and which has never been 

 ■/rafted or inoeidatcd. TJi^ seed was taken fo',i. 

 a St Germain pear, and was planted by the pres- 

 ent proprietor in the garden where it grows. Yon 

 will notice that the two pears are unlike in size, 

 -"hape and ap|)earance, one being of a russet col- 

 our, the other of a light green. The largest is 

 now in eating, an<l is more than twice the size of 

 the russet coloured fruit, which will not ripen for 

 -ume weeks ; and is then totally dissimilar in fla- 

 vor from the others. Tiicy are evidently two dis- 

 tinct kinds of pears, growing on the same tree, 

 and, what is still more curious, they grow togeth- 

 er all over the tree, even from the same bunch or 

 tufts of blossoms. This has been the case ever 

 since the tree commenced to bear, with the excep- 

 tion, as the owner inftirms me, of the first year. 



If you think the preceding article, from the sin- 

 gularity of the fruit, worthy an insertion in the 

 Farmer, please make use of it for that pur;)ose. — 

 The tree stands in the garden of Mrs Williams, of 

 this ])lace. Respectfully vour ob't serv't, 



Salem, Sept. 29, 1628. STEPHEN WHITE. 



Ilemarks by the Editor. — The above-mentioned 

 curious i)roductions may be seen at the office of 

 ihe .,Vtu' England Farmer. The manner in which 

 they grow, intermixed with each other in cveiy 

 part of the tree, seems to be at variance with the 

 coimnonly received tiieories of vegetation, which 

 maintain in substance, tliat the shape or peculiar 

 formation of the cells or sap-vessels in the branch- 

 es, give the character, flavor, &c. to the fruit. 



But facts are of more irnportnnce than the most 

 plausible theories, and when facts and theories 



( Abstracted tVom Loudon's Gardener's ftlagaziiie.) 



OARnE-\S ABOUT LONDON. 



From Kensington through Hammersmith, Chis- 

 wick, Brentford, Isleworth, and Twickenham, 

 seven miles of garden ground, may be denominat- 

 ed the great London fruit garden north of the 

 Thames. An u])per and under crop taken at the 

 same time ; the up])er the fruits on trees ; the un- 

 der, strawberries and variou.s herbaceous crops. — 

 To increase shelter and warmth in autumn, they 

 raise banks of soil live feet high, facing the south 

 and sloped to an angle of 45° ; on these they 

 plant endive in September, and near the bottom, 

 from October to Christmas, they drill a row of 

 pease ; the endive is preserved from rotting, and 

 the pease come in maturity nearly as early as if 

 under a wall. The springs here lie eight or ten 

 feet under the surface, and the water is raised 

 from the wells by a bucket and lever balanced by 

 a stone. Three thousand acres of ground here, 

 employing five persons, a man, his wife and three 

 children, per acre, during the winter half year, 

 and during summer, five persons more, chiefly 

 Welch women. Estimated produce £100 per 

 acre. 



KITCHEN GARDENS. 



Much fresli littery dung required for growing 

 mushrooms, early cucumbers, salads, potates, as- 

 paragus, &c. Consumption of the metropolis and 

 its environs, for fruits and vegetables estimated at 

 upwards of a million sterling pounds per annum. 

 Several farming gardens pay £1000 per annum. 



STOCK ON FARMS NEAR LONDON. 



Less live stock on the farms :n Middlesex than 

 in any other ; no breeding of cattle. Short horn- 

 ed cows of Holderness chiefly owned by milk- 

 men ; number kept 8500 ; average produce nine 

 quarts [ler day ; fed on hay, turnips, linseed cake 

 and jelly, brewer's grains and grass ; retail deal- 

 ers adulterate tlie milk ; preferring dirty water to 

 clean ; and adulterate the cream by adding mo- 

 lasses and a little salt. Very little butter made in 

 the country. Brewers' drays su])plied with horses 

 from the Berkshire farmer, who buy them young 

 from the Northamptonshire farmers, and work 



them two or diree years before they sell them 



Not more thai one dove house in the county ; but 

 many pigeons kept in empty wine pipes set upon 

 ))osts, fifteen or twenty feet high, and many kept 

 by joiuneyincn tradosmeii, pigeon fanciers io the 



poorer ])arts of Loudon, and most otlicr towns and 

 villages in the county. 



RURAL EC0N05IV ABOUT LONDON. 



Half tile manual hibor done by the job : labor- 

 ers ruined in mor«ls and constitution, by the pid)- 

 lic houses. Gentlemen's servants a bad and con- 

 taminating set. 



A RECEIPT FOR PREi'.VRING "irOLASSES FOR PRE- 

 SERVING FRUITS. 



Take 8 lbs. molasses, bright New Orleans or 

 Sugar House, 8 lbs. pure water and 1 lb coarsely 

 jiow.lercd charcoal. Boil them together for 20 

 minutes, then strain through fine flannel, double : 

 put it again in the kettle with the white of an 

 egg, boil it gently, till it forms a syrup of proper 

 consistence, t'lcn strain it again. 



NEW VARIETIES or FRUIT FR01I MR BUEL. 



Jesse Buel, Esq. of Albany, has sent to Mr Lou- 

 don, conductor of the English Gardener's Maga- 

 zine the folMwing scions for grafting : " The Jon- 

 athan Apple, a medium sized winter fruit, resein- 

 bUng Esopu.s Spitzenberg, though I think prefera- 

 ble for the table, the flesh being more tender, less 

 acid, and equally high flavored. Tiie Mouse Ap- 

 ple. An earlier winter apple, flesh buttery, juicy, 

 and jieculiarly pleasant ; colom- yellow ; size a- 

 bove meilium. — The Poughkeepsie Russet Ajjple. 

 Believed to be very superior for cidei', the juice 



a;iouuding in saccharine matter, and syrupy 



The process of fermentation in a cool temperature 

 is very slow, and co/itinues for a long time before 

 this liquor becomes clear. — The Powual, Spitzen- 

 berg -Npplci Named from its native place, and 

 from its rt^ ■mblance to the ^sopus Spitzenberg. 

 It is a very superior winter fruit. The Straai 

 (street) Apple. So named from the i)lace where 

 tiifc present tree grew. It is an autumn fruit, and, 

 according to my la^te inferior to no fruit of the 

 season ; tender, juicy and well flavored. — The 

 B.i.uty of the West Apple. A large showy win- 

 ter ti-uit, and of pretty good flavor. — The Cos Ap- 

 ple. A good keeping winter fruit ; juicy, mildly 

 acid, and well flavored ; the skin striped with dull 

 red and green, and of a large size ; the surface 

 more oily to the hand than any other apple I have 

 ever seen. — The Biucher's Gage Plum. Named 

 after the clergyman who first raised it from a dri- 

 eii fruit received from Germany. It has a high 

 reputation here, where plums grow in as great 

 perfection as. in any part of ourcountrj. Colour 

 yellow ; size pi-ctty large. 



"These fruits have all of them an Amci-ican or- 

 igin, arc most of them new varieties, and are but 

 partiaily known to our nursery men. Since mak- 

 ing up the packet, I obsei've that tlie Straat, and 

 that onl}, is in the collection of the Horticultural 

 Society. — J. Buel, Albany JVursery. 



" Our best thanks and wishes attend Mr Buel 

 for these cuttings, and for another communication, 

 which shall appear in a future page. The cut- 

 tings arc grafted and doing well, and we shall dis- 

 pose of the shoots produced among our friends as 

 scions. — Cond. of the Gardener's Magazine. 



POTATOS. 



The Rig!i« Hon. Sir John Sinclair lias lateK 

 published « work " On the Culture and Use of Po- 



