V„j.VII.— Nn.l6. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



123 



These species do not agree entirely with any of 

 the descriptions by Mr. Say, tliough they approach 

 to some of his feroni^ in the Philadelpliia Philo- 

 sopliieal Transactions. These insects are foiuid 

 under stones. 



O. *bisigillatus. Black ; posterior thoracic an- 

 "les rounded, each with an annulated depression. 



Length eleven twentieths of an inch. 



Body glabrous, black. Antennse piceous toward 

 the tip ; palpi pale redish brown. Thorax broad- 

 est just before the middle, lateral margin forming 

 a regular curve, posterior narrower than the an- 

 postarior angles not excurved, but 



given by Latreillc and Leach, it may further be 

 distinguished from the other fekoni-e by its pec- 

 tinated nails, and from Lebia and Cvmindis, with 

 which it agrees in this respect, by its broader sub- 

 quadrate thorax. The feet are remarkably elong- 

 ated, and the posterior pair are universally remote 

 fiorn the intermediate ones. 



C. ^jnceous. Piceous ; thorax, at the side.s, and 

 body beneath paler ; antenna and feet pale testa- 

 ceous. 



Length two fifths of an inch. 



Body glabrous, jiolished, impunctured, above 

 dark chesnut or piceous, beneath castaneous. Pal- 



tire, rounded. Sides of the body, beneath, some- 

 what darker than in the middle. Feet pale tes- 

 taceous 



are thoroughly mellow and fit for the mill, they 

 ought to be ground in cool weather, and after- 

 wards suffered to remain in the trough or unpres- 

 sed for a week or ten days, if the weather be suf- 

 ficiently cool to prevent its fermenting so much as 

 to become acid ; stirring the mass daily till it is 

 put into the press. When the liquor is expressed, 

 it should be strained through a tow cloth strainer, 

 into a perfectly clean cask into which has been 

 put two gallons of new Rum for a barrel. I say 

 new Rum, because it is far the cheapest, and even 

 preferable to six quarts of the best Cognac Brandy; 

 and because it is best adapted for more immediate 

 use, and communicates much less of its peculiar 

 flavor to the cider, than any other spirituous liquor. 

 After the cider is put up into casks, it should be 

 kept as cool as possible, and without vent. Care, 

 however, is to be taken, lest it burst the casks ; to 



lerior margin , ,juo.<ai.u. a,,g.^o ..«.. v,..^... — , — . 



obtusely rounded; lateral basal lines very much ! pi and antennte pale testaceous or ochieous. Iho- 

 ahbreviated, the external one obsolete, and be- 1 rax snbquadrate, narrower than the coleoptra at 

 t^veen them is a deep, circular, punctured depres- ! base, the angles rounded ; broad external margin 

 sion, with elevated centre. Stria; of the elytra | redish brown ; dorsal stria; minute, basal indenta- 



imi.unctured, basal dilated interstitial puncture I tions obsolete. Elytral strife impunctured, inter- , • i,., i i ,, 



« • ntin.r Tarsi Dale redish brown I slitial lines flat, the submarginal serrato-iiunctate 1 prevent this evil, a common gimblet hole should 



" O. *subpunctatus. Black, glabrous ; thorax i within, punctures ocellated ; lip of the elytra en- be made in the top of the cask, through which ou- 

 broadest before the middle, and gradually narrow- 

 ed to the base ; striae obsoletely punctured. 



Length over half an inch. 



Body glabrous, black. Antennae entii-ely black 

 except the tip of the terminal joint which is fer- 

 ruginous. Palpi black. Thorax broadest consid- 

 erably before the middle, behind which the later- 

 al margin is nearly straight to the posterior angles, 

 which are very slightly excurved and acute ; pos- 



ly vent is to be given as circumstances may re- 

 quire. In this situation the cider may remain till 

 March ; when it should be racked ofl^, in a cool, 



It must closely resemble the feronia gregaria, clear weather, into clean casks ; into which two 

 Say, but differs in having a narrower thorax not ; qitarts more of n«« Rum per barrel, had been pre- 



pUe at base, and with diflerently colored feet and 

 amenna;. It has not the pale elytral margin of f. 

 terninata, Say, nor the broad thorax of that spe- 

 cies ; and varies from f. autumnalis, Say, in many 

 than the anterior ; base ' respects, besides being much larger, and having 



tenor margin narrower 

 with the double lateral striae distinct but short, 

 and vanisliiiig in a rugose punctured depression. 

 Elytral strise obsoletely punctured. Pectus and 

 postpectus punctured at the sides. Feet black, 

 tarsi tinged with piceous beneath. 



O. ^politus. Black, ])olished ; anterior and po- 

 sterior thoracic margins nearly equal, posterior 

 angles excurved, basal indentations elongated, 

 sparsely punctured. 



Length over nine twentieths of an inch. 



Body deep black, highly polished. Three bas- 

 al joints of the antennas black, polished, remaining 

 ones fawn-colored and downy terminal joint pale 

 ferruginous at tip. Palpi fawn-colored. Thorax 

 broadest nearly in the middle ; anterior and pos- 

 terior margins almost equal, lateral margins regu- 

 larly curved, at the base slightly excurved ; pos- 

 terior angles not prominent ; basal lateral impres- 

 sion deep, with a few remote punctures, internal 

 longitudinal stria eKngated, dilated at base, ex- 

 tcrnal one obsolete. Elytra with minutely punc- 

 tured strijB. Pectus and postpectus punctured, the 

 former inconspicuously. Tibise and tarsi pale pi- 

 ceous above, fawn-colored beneath. 



O. *hamatus. Black, polished ; basal thoracic 

 lateral lines uniting into a hook ; tibias and tarsi 

 fawn-colored. 



Length nearly two fifths of an inch. 

 Body highly polished, black with violaceous re- 

 flections. Three basal joints of the antennae cas- 



Ihe tips of the elytra not sinuated. Sent by Rev. 

 L. W. Leonard, from Dublin, N. H. 



viously put. Let it then remain ten or fourteen 

 days, and it will be fit for b.ttling. For this op- 

 eration also, cool and clear weather is indispensi- 

 ble. And when bottled it ought to be deposited 

 upon the bottom of a cool cellar ; the bottles plac- 

 ed about an inch or two apart, and covered with 

 sand. By adopting this method, I have invariably 

 had good cider ; equal to any exhibited this day ; 

 and which has been universally approved by many 

 taverns, retailers and consumers. Besides the 

 course which I have stated above, I do nothing 

 in preparing my cider for use, having found frcm 

 repeated experiments, that the different processes 

 recommended for refining are of no benefit, but 

 generally injurious. I endeavor to gather and pre- 

 serve my apples clean ; to cleanse my straw and 

 mill ; to suffer no foreign matter of an offensive 



And I am confident 



CIDER. 



The subjoined specification of the manner in 

 which 3Ir. Rice prepared his excellent bottled Ci- 

 der, which was exhibited at the late Cattle Show 

 in this town deserves particular attention. The I 

 process is cheap, and is very little more trouble 

 than the ordinary mode of cider making. — Concord 

 Gazette. 



Among the various productions of our farms, 

 none, perhaps, is susceptible of greater improve- j na,,„.e („ gfl-^ct my cider. 



ment, than that of cider. Although great quanti- ^jj^.^ ,,y pursuing the same course, the best of ci- 

 ties of it are annually offered in our markets, yet jg^ ^^^ ,,g obtained. JONATHAN RICE, 

 a large proportion of it is a comparatively indifter- , j\ja/ii,oro, Oct. Sth. 1828. 



ent quality. While it might afford a more agree- . 



able and healthful beverage, if properly iirepared, i Gardens of the Town.— Sir, In my frequent visits 

 much of it now can be considered as scarcely pal- to the metropolis, my attention, as a gardener, is 

 ateble : And were it not for custom and use, much often called to the little courts before the houses 

 of it which is now drank, would be deemed use- in the neighbourhood of town. They are gen 

 less, except for vinegar. Whereas, with a due erally clothed with grass, which is seldom well 

 degree of care and attention, it can bo made equal kept ; and, indeed, as it is too small to be rolled, 

 if not superior, to the refined and costly drinks of never looks neat and well. Abetter thing thai/ 

 a too common and pernicious use. Convinced Uhis, in my mind, would be, to sow the whole with 

 that the above view of the subject is correct, I j inignionette, and scatter a few larkspur seeds 



have endeavored for several years past to ascer- 

 tain, by experiment, the best method of preparing 

 cider to render it pleasant and agreeable ; and at 

 the same time a substitute, in a great degree, for 

 spirituous hquors of a different description. From 



taneous poUshed, remaining ones fawn-colored,!^^ ^^^^ trials, and various experiments, I 



terminal joint at tip ferruginous. Palpi redish 

 brown. Thorax of similar proportions and shajie 

 as in O. poUtus ; lateral indentations of the base 

 rough with confluent punctures, each with two 

 impressed lines, the internal one longest, curving 

 outward near the posterior margin, and uniting 

 with the very short external line so as to form a 

 book. Elytral striae minutely punctured. Pectus 

 and postpectus punctured. Legs pale piceous, 

 tibia; and tarsi pale redish brown or fawn-colored. 

 Subgenus Cnlafhus. 

 In addition to the characters of the genus as 



found that, to obtain the best cider, apples ought 

 to be thoroughly mellow and wilted, and partly 

 rotten, before they are ground. From rotten ap- 

 ples, I apprehend no evil consequences to my ci- 

 der, but consider them a benefit, if they are not of 

 a sour and musty kind ; whUe from hard, unripe 

 apples no good cider can be produced. 'To pre- 

 vent as much as possible having many of unnatu- 

 rally sour and musty rot, the apples should be 



among it ; and, if plenty of crocuses, snowdrops, 

 winter aconites, and Chrysanthemum indicum of 

 dilTerent colours, were })lanted in them, the streets 

 would look very gay, and yield a grateful perfume 

 the whole year through. They would certainly 

 be less expense to the owners, and, with barely 

 weeding now and then, would look lively and gay 

 ten months in the year. — Ga7-d. JMag. 



Adaptation of Fruit Trees to particular Soils. — it 

 would be a very useful thing, if you were to <liiecr 

 the observation of your readers to the different 

 soils which may be plfiUted with advantage with 

 some particular kinds of fruit, some of which, per- 

 haps, are hardly supposed to be capable of produc- 

 ing ,any, as stiff clay, chalk, pure sand, wet bog, 



seasonably gathered from the ground, am", kept \ and morass. On the last, I beg to say, medlars, 

 upon flat forms ; and, after the first of November, i quinces, mulberries, raspberries, black currants. 

 they should be invariably housed. Wlw>n they ' and strawberries, will thrive to adpih-ation. — Id. 



