Vol. VII No. 17. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



133 



round, are equal to one pound of the best galls. 

 The black obtained from this bark is equally as 

 jiennanent as that from galls, and as the bark 

 gives a much smaller portion of extraneous pre- 

 cipitate, it will clean better, and make a much 

 brighter color. Those dyers who formerly used 

 nutgalls will know what quantity of swamp maple 

 to use to a given quantity of logwood ; but I 

 should suggest to more modern dyers to leave out 

 one pound of logwood for every pound of bark us- 

 ed by them. 



Some few of our woolen dyers have, at my sug- 

 gestion, used the maple bark for three or four 

 years, and their colors are much esteemed botli 

 by dealers and consumers. Should the colors 

 prove too blue they may be altered to any hue by 

 tlic use of sumach or alder bark. W. P. 



A VALUABLE DAIRY. 



We are informed that Blr Israel Cole, of this 

 town, (North Adams) has made this season 16,000 

 pounds of Cheese from the milk of only 2S cows ; 

 being on an average, 571 pounds to each cow. — 

 We understand he increases the quantity of milk 

 by giving his cows daily the whey mixed with 

 ineal. Ilis clicese is of the best quality, anil 

 fetches, with his established customers in New 

 York, one or two cents per pound more than that 

 of ordinary dairies. Such a dairy, when cheese 

 was at the price of 12J cents per pound, Would 

 make a man rich in a few years, and even at the 

 present moderate prices, is no contemptible in- 

 come. 



PICKLE FOR BEEP AND PORK. 



The follov/ing recipe for making pickle for beef 

 or pork is strongly recommended for the adoption 

 of those who pickle beef and jmrk for family use. 

 Persons in the trade who will adopt it, will find a 

 ready sale for their beef and pork. It has been 

 used by many families in this city, and always aj)- 

 proved. I do not hesitate to say that there is no 

 pickle in use to be compared %vith it. It is famil- 

 iarly known by the name of the Knickerbocker 

 Pickle. Could this recipe be generally adopted, 

 our pickled beef and pork would have certain 

 preference in foreign markets. 



Recipe. — Six gallons water, 9 ibs. salt, coarse 

 and fine mixed, 3 Ibs. brown sugar, 3 ounces salt 

 petre, 1 ounce pearl ash, 1 gallon molasses to 

 every 6 gallons of water. 



In making a larger or smaller quantity of pickle, 

 the above proportions are to be observed. Boil 

 and skim these ingredients well, and when cold 

 put it over the beef and pork. — JV. Y. paper. 



A L.\UDABLE COMBINATION. 



We have been favored with a copy of a small 

 pamphlet, entitled, "■Regulations of the Salem Assa^ 

 ciationfor the Detection and Prosecution of Trespas- 

 sers on Gardens, Fields, and Orchards, in the town 

 of Salem and vicinity." The jjreamble to the res- 

 olutions is as follows : — 



Whereas the ofl'ence of robbing fruit trees, tres- 

 passing upon inclosed grounds, and wantonly in- 

 juring trees, planted for shade and ornament, has 

 become so prevalent in this neighborhood, as to 

 form a serious obstacle to the cultivation of gar- 

 dens ; and whereas, the laws of the Common- 

 wealth, if duly enforced are sufficient to prevent 

 and punish such oftences : 



"Therefore, be it resolved, hy the individuals 

 present at this meeting, that we will form our- 



selves into a Society for the protection of this kind 

 of property ; and to this end, we promise to each 

 other mutual aid and facility towards detecting 

 and bringing to punishment, all future offenders 

 against the laws made for the protection of that 

 species of property, belonging to the subscribers. 

 In order more effectually to give efficacy to the 

 objects of this association, we agree to adopt for 

 our government, the following code of regula- 

 tions." 



"By this code the Society is denomiii:,lcd "l^^^e 

 Salem Association for the Detection xdii J^ros- .i- 

 tion of Trespassers on Gardens, Fields, and Orch- 

 ards in the town of Salem and its vicinity." The 

 officers of the Society consist of a President, a I 

 Vice-president, Secretary and Treasurer, and a | 

 board of three Directors. It is made the duty of! 

 the board of directors to "institute processes for all 

 violations of the laws made in the premises, that 

 shall come to their knowledge by information of 

 members of the Society ; they shall have power 

 to give suitable rewards for the detection of tres- 

 passers, and to employ such agents as may be 

 deemed by them proper for this purpose. They 

 may at their discretion publish the names of all 

 convicted offenders against the laws made for the 

 protection of gardens and orchards, in some paper 

 or papers, printed in the town of Salem." 



The law on which the association is founded is 

 as follows : 



An Act in addition to an Act, entitled '■'■An Act for 

 the more effectually preventing of trespassers in di- 

 vers cases." 



Sec. 1. Be it enacted, by the Senate and House 

 of Representatives, in General Court assembled and 

 by the authority of the same, That, from and after 

 the passing of this act, if any person shall enter 

 upon any grass land, orchard, or garden, without 

 permission of the owner thereof, with intent to 

 cut, destroy, take, or convey away, any grr.ss, hay, 

 fruit, or vegetables, with the intent to iijure or 

 defraud such owner ; each person so offending, 

 shall pay, for every such offence, a sum not less 

 than two dollars, nor more than ten dollars, to 

 tlie use of the Commonwealth, to be recovered on 

 conqilaint before any justice of the peace of the 

 county in which the offence shall he committed ; 

 and the person so offending shall also be liable in 

 damages to the party injured. 



Sec. 2. Be it further enacted, That, from and 

 after the passing of this act, if any person, having 

 entered upon any grass land, orchard, or garden, 

 shall take therefrom, without porinission of the 

 owner thereof, and with the intent to injure or de- 

 fraud such owner, any grass, hay, fruit, vegetable, 

 or shrub, cultivated thereon for ornament or use ; 

 such person so offending, shall forfeit and pay for 

 each offence, to the use of the Commonwealth, a 

 sum not less than five, nor more than fifly dollars, 

 to be recovered by indictment, or information be- 

 fore the Circuit Court of Common Pleas, in the 

 county where sucli offence shall be committed ; 

 or the Municipal Court of the town of Boston, if 

 such offence be committed in the county of Suf- 

 folk ; and the person so offending shall be also 

 liable to the party injured, in a sum equal to three 

 times the value of such grass, hay, fruit, vegetable 

 or shrub, to be recovered by action of the case in 

 any court of competent jurisdiction. 



Sec 3. Be it further enacted. That, any person 

 wlio, having. entered upon any grass land, field or 

 orchard, shall, without permission of the owner 



thereof, and with the intent to injure him, break, 

 bruise, cut, mutilate, injure or destroy, any fruit 

 tree, tree for ornament or shade, or shrub, culti- 

 vated thereon for ornament or use, and which 

 shall be standing or growing thereon, such person 

 so offending, shall forfeit and pay to the use of 

 tiie Commonwealth, a sum not less than ten dol- 

 lars, nor more than one hundred dollars, to be re- 

 covered by indictment or information, in manner 

 as is provided in the second section of this act. 



Sec. 4. Be it further enacted. That if any per- 

 son shall commit any of the trespasses mentioned 

 in this act, on the Lord's day, or the night time, 

 that is to say, between the sun-setting and sun- 

 rising, he shall be liable to double the penalties 

 and forfeitures, the same to be prosecuted for and 

 recovered, in manner as before provided ; and all 

 prosecutions lor breaches of this act, shall be 

 commenced within one year from the time the 

 offences shall be conmiitud, or the penalties and 

 forfeitures shall have accrued, and not afterwards. 

 [Approved by the Governor, June 12, 1828.] 



[Prepared by the Editor.] 

 BEES. 



rP.OJI THE KOKTH AMERICAN BEVILW. 



fCovtmutd from pa^e \15.J 

 It is better to begin with a single hive, and so 

 attain a knowledge of tlie habits and instincts of 

 bees by degrees. We have known several per- 

 sons, who have purchased a number of hives at 

 once, and relinquished the pursuit from the per- 

 plexity that ensued when the swarming season 

 commenced. But there is no similar occupation 

 so easily followed, and none that requires so little 

 capital, as that of keeping bees. The profit is en- 

 ormous. If a person, well trained to the employ- 

 ment, should follow the plan adopted in some 

 parts of Europe, of removing the bees from place 

 to place, in a kind of ark on a river of some length, 

 thus providing a plentiful supply of food, he might 

 increase his stock to any extent. 



An apiary of twenty hives could maintain itself 

 in an area of a mile, whore there is plenty of 



I blossoms. Every farmer should, however, pro- 



i vide pasture for his bees, as well as for his cows ; 



- and therefore when the spring and simimer flow- 

 ers are gone he should have a field of buck wheat 

 ready, which, although not so palatable as other 

 flowers, will serve the bees for winter food. 



An ajiiary, or hee-s'ied, should be at the eaves, 

 about four feet from tim ground, with a roof slop- 

 ing both ways, and with any aspect that the own- 

 er chooses. It should l)c ten feet wide, and the 

 length of it should be iticreased as the hives mul- 

 tiply. It is, however, difficult to describe one 

 accurately. 



The most convenient one that we have seen is 

 on a farm near New BriJaswick in Nev/ Jersey. 

 It is fifty feet long, and contains sixteen hives on . 

 each side. The swarms Avhich are successively 



j cast off, are jdaced under the same shed in the 

 winter, and an eqiial number of the old hives are 

 sold to make room for them. This apiary might 

 be enlarged to any extent, were there pasture 

 enough for the bees ; but the area of the bees' 

 flight, as there are now many cultivators of bees 

 in this district does not furnish food enough for a. 

 great number. 



In this apiary the miller or night moth is suc- 

 cessfully guarded against. A small wire door, 

 made to slide behind two door posts, formed of 



