170 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER, 



Der. 1(1, IS-iS. 



recovered tiit-ir luxuriance and fniitrulnc.-is. To grasses fur cultins; green ami feeding ont in ru(;ks 

 this [ifipor a note is prefixed by Alexander Setoii, j or cribs, and will bear cutting the oftenest. 

 Ksq. F. il. S. with a view to call the attention of i Mr London pays " The time cows shoidd be- 

 persons to the same object, stating that he thinks ' come diy before their calving is not agreed on, 

 pears grafied on quince stocks arc better adapted some contending that they may be milked ahnost 

 for stiiT ilayey or loaii>y soils than those on free | to the time of their dropping their calf without in- 

 stocks, and rccotninciiding this choice to planters !jin\v ; while others maintain that it is absolutely 

 iocat il on such soils." j necessary that they should belaid dry from one 



There are, however, some disadvantages at- to two months, both for the advantage of theni- 

 lending the use of (|uince stocks to engraft on. — selves, and of their calves. It is probable that 

 The quince, we believe, is not naturally so long niuch in this business dei)ends on the manner in 

 lived as the apple tree, its age, it is said, seldom I which they are kept ; as where they are well fed 

 exceeds ten or twelve years. The quince tree is 1 they may be continued in milk till within a week 



quite as liable to be attacked by the worm called 

 rhe borer as the apple tree. 



(By the Editor.) 



ON THE MANAGEMENT OF COWS KEPT 

 FOn THE DAIRY. 

 Where butter is the chief object ofa dairy, care 

 sliould be taken to select such, cows as atford the ! of the udder 



or two of calving without suffering any injury 

 whatever from it, but in the contrary circumstan- 

 ces it may be better to let them run dry for a 

 month, six weeks or more according to their con- 

 dition, in order to their more fully recruiting their 

 strength. It appears not improbable that the 

 longer the milking is continued, the more free the 

 cows will be from indurations and other affections 

 which is a circumstance deserving 



best and largest (|iiantities of milk and cream of j of attention. Where only one or two cows are 

 whatever breed they may be. But the quantity ke]it for the supply of a family, it is likewise nse- 

 of butter to be made from a given number of ful to know that by good feeding they may be 

 cows must always depend on a variety of contin- continued in milk without any bad consequences 



gent circumstances ; such as the size and good- 

 ness of the beasts ; the kind and quantity of food 

 and the distance of time from calving. A large 



till nearly the time of calving. In the Jlgricultu 



ral Survey of the Jf'est Riding of Yorkshire it is 



stated, that no advantage was found to result from 



cow, generally, will give more milk than one of' allowing cows to go dry two months before calv 

 smaller size ; though cows of equal size differ as ing. They have there been kept in milk within 

 to the quantity of cream produced from the milk { ten days of the time of dropping the calf This 

 of each; it is therefore, in those cows whose mdk ! practice however, cannot be considered gener- 

 is not only in large abundance, but which from a ' ally advisable." 



In the last edition of Willich's Encyclopedia i 

 is said that " inflamed teats should be washed 



peculiar inherent richness yields a thick cream 

 that the butter dairyman is to place his chief de- 

 pendence ; and wltere a cow is deficient in e:;her 

 of these she should be parteil with and her place 

 ^sufplied by one more proper for this use. 



Where cheese is the object, the management in 

 respect to cows should be the same. 



It is essential that milk-cows be kept at all 



soil, where it may more readily escai)e below tin 

 sphere of vegetation ? 



The writer is, at present, so fully satisfied with 

 the former part, at least of this theory, that he ih 

 determined not to manure in future the surface of 

 a retentive soil, when its pores arc full ; he will 

 either embrace the opportimity when dry weather 

 has rendered it absorbent, or bury the manure in 

 the soil ; in which situation it may meliorate, not 

 ou\y, jierhaps, as a food, but also as a provocative. 



FELLING TIMBER. 



Different seasons of the year for felling timber 

 that is designed for durability, are recommended 

 by writers. Some say in 3Iay, while the sap is 

 vigorously flowing ; others in Sejitember, when 

 the alburnum or white wood, is not so full of as- 

 cending sap, that contains saccharine matter, ac- 

 ids and mucilage, which ferment and produce the 

 decomposition of the wood. The different and 

 contradictory opinions arise in a great measure 

 from partial experiments and too limited observa- 

 tion. There are many circumstances to be taken 

 into consideration — the maturity of the tree, the 

 nature oC the soil, the difference in climate, the 

 state of the season and many others. Facts 

 have been produced of trees felled in May lasting 

 twice as long as those in February, and also vice 

 versa. All writers we beheve agree that peeling 

 the bark in May and letting the tree stand for sev- 

 eral months greatly promotes durability. The 

 ])roper time can only be ascertained by the accu- 

 mulation of facts ; and for this accumulation there 

 is no better way than for every farmer to record 

 the time of felling his trees, with as many other 

 circumstances as possible. Were farmers gener- 



.,.,, f rii- ^ c allv in the habit of keeping a diary, much more 



with two drachms ot sugar oi lead in a quart ot -., • , ■ i • • i , 



rapid progress might be made m agrioultural 



water. Should tumors appear, apply a common 

 warm mash of bran with a little lard. And to 

 prevent cows from sucking their own milk, we 

 are informed that rubbing the teats frequently 

 with the most foetid cheese that can be procured 



2-Yom Marshall's Minutes of Agriculture. 



tunes in high health and good condition. If they j has proved an effectual remedy." 



are allowed to fall off in flesh daring winter, an 



abundant supply of niilk need not be expected 



by bringing tbeui into high condition in summer. 



Warm stables should be provided for them, as 



beasts will not require so much food when kept 



warm as when shivering with cold. 



iRHowledgq. — A". 1". Farmer. 



PRINCE ON HORTICULTURE. 



Mr Prince, who is so well known as a horticul- 

 turist, has published a short treatise on Horticul- 

 ture, containing, as be says, " some of the leading 

 rules whose adoption has proved most successful, 

 and intended as an accompaniment to the cata- 

 logues and an aid to those who are ignorant of 

 the subject." A work of this moderate pretension 



M.\NURE AS APPLIED TO DIFFERENT 

 SOILS. 



Dining the drought of summer, clayeij soils are j would not e.xcite much expectation ; it contains. 



divided by innumerable fissures ; and if the ma-| however, a mass of useful information, and forms, 



For about a month previous to the time of cows | ,„„-e be laid on while the soil is in this state, the] in our o|)inion a valuable contribution to the hor- 



calving, if in spring, they should be turned into , fi,.st shower of rain carries down the dissoluble 

 sweet grass; or, if it hajipen in the winter, they i particles into the vegetative stratum. But. in win 



ticultural science of our country. Mr Prince is 

 the proprietor of one of ihe richest and most ex- 



ought to be well fed with the best hay. The day (^r, a retentive soil resembles a sponge filled with I tensive garden establishments of this or any cou 



and night after they have e.ilved, they shoidd be^-v^-gter; and the manure laid on, while it remains 



kept in the house, and no cold, but hike-warm wa-ii, this state, must either be washed away bj 



t^r allowed for their drink. On the next clay, ; ]:cavy rains, or be lodged near the surface ; "and 



about noon, they may be turned out, yet regularly ; cannot possibly penetrate the soil until it be made 



taken in, during the night, fi)r three or four sue- porous by the "ensuing summer's drought. On the 



contrary, an ahsorbcnl soil is always open to snper- 



cessive days; after which they may be left to 



ihemselves. Cows, thus housed, should be kept fiL-ial inoi-sture ; it resembles a dry sponge, which 



in their stables till the cold is mitigated by the jTi-ce<lily absorbs the moisture it can reach ; and 



morning sun, and it is recommended to give them as fast us the manure laid on such a soil is liqiii- 



a draught of warm water previous to their being fled, it is received by the tnoiild. The dansrer 



Without such in-ecaiitions they are l,ere, perha[)s, lies in its being bnrripjl Ihrons-h the 



.- ,..,1., .^ .o .v,tt..>,t. .,, ...V, jdd_ The (I 



turned out. 



liable to miscarry, or slip their calves ; an acci- vegetative stratum. Is not winter then the fittest 

 dent by which the calf is lost and the cow injur- .i\,ne. for feeding such a soil, when the current of 

 ed. For some time before and after they have absorption is gentlest, rather than summer, when 

 calved they should be kept separate fi-om llic , jts rapidity may hurry down the vegetative food, 

 young stock, whether in the yard, stable, or field. ;„|„i prevent its being incorporated with the plant- 

 English writers assert that Lucerne is most ex- , feeding mould ? And is it not obviously eligible, 

 cellent food for cows in milk ; and preferable to j „„ jj„ph a soil, to lay the manure on the surface, 

 clover, as it gives the milk a better flavor and is ^t the greatest distance from that depth nt which 

 equally ngurij-hing. It is esteemed the best of all -i it becomes useless, rather than to bury it in the 



try ; end no expense or labor has been spared to 

 collect fruit and ornamental plants of every des- 

 cription ; and no where has so large a number of 

 American species been brought together. 



The work befiue us is jiarticularlj- valuable ns 

 containing the results of long experience in accli- 

 mating foreign plants, and in domesticating maTty 

 of our indigenous fruits which will hereafter fuim 

 most im])ortant additions to the luxuries of oui 

 gardens. 



A large portion of the work is devoted to llx 

 giajie, which, although not of greater imporiann; 

 as a national object of cultivation than the apjilc. 

 still it is of the highest interest, and will, we hope, 

 ontinue to be the subject of experiment with cul- 

 tivators throughout the Union. We recommend 

 tie work to every lover of ornamental gardening, 

 as useful in pointing out the choicest kinds of 

 slriibs and trees which most easily admit of profit 

 aUe culture. — Ibid. 



