Vol.Vll.— No.25. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



195 



them was deeply stained even quite to the wood. 

 Soon after they were observed they were scrub- 

 bed off with strong soap suds, and a woollen cloth. 

 The bark has remained ever since curiously mot- 

 tled witli green and brown — brown spots wherev- 

 er the scales were, and green where there were 

 Yio insects. They were dissimilai to Mr Peiley's 

 insect, and, I think, liave no connexion with the 

 coffee shaped, bristly insect, mentioned by " M." 

 I think I saw some of the last named insect upon 

 tiie leaves of a small apple tree, and upon a Span- 

 ish filbert last summer. They fed ravenously 

 upon the leaves, eating them edgeways. I did 

 not pay much attention to them at the time, but 

 cut the branches off, and crushed them under 

 foot. I have, within a ilay or two, closely exam- 

 ined the trees upon which I saw them, but can 

 find no appearance of scales." 



Remarks by the Editor. — Tlie above is from the 

 pen of a respectable, judicious, practical cultiva- 

 tor, who has prohibited our ])ublishing bis name, 

 attached to the comnumication. We regret this, 

 for a good name adds value to a good article ; 

 and seems somewhat like giving a sanction to 

 good precepts by good examples. 



With regard to the insects in question we co- 

 incide in opinion with our correspondent, that 

 they are not the same with Mr Perley's ingeCt, or 

 ■what we have often heard called the Bark Louse. 

 We are likewise confirmed in the opinion, %j'hich 

 Vi'c have before expressed, that the insect e.xuding 

 a reddish substance, and the " coffee sbaptjd, brist- 

 ly insect" are r.ot the same. Till the kinds of in- 

 sects are discovered, and the s[)ecific remedies 

 jiointed out, we may as well use such meaijs for 

 destroying them as are most efficient for the des- 

 truction of all sorts of animalcuhB. They should 

 be tveated with lime water, tobacco water, solu- 

 tions of potash, soft soap, quick lime in powder, 

 ashes, tar water, spirit of turpentine, picked or 

 6Craped off by hand, &c. &c. These added to 

 such judicious culture as may cause the plants to 

 vegetate with vigor, v/ill, generally, answer the 

 wishes of the cultivator. 



From ihe American Farmer. 



FRUIT TREES AND VINES. 

 Dear Sir, Kishacoquillis, Dec. llth, 1828. 



It is considered by most men, upon settling 

 tliemselves permanently, an object of some im- 

 portance to have good fruit on their farms and 

 gardens, as soon as possible, and it has been com- 

 mon for those who sre imable to come at vuirse- 

 ries of engrafted fruit for transplanting, to wait 

 the bearing of seedling trees, or at least until they 

 can have seedling stocks to engraft upon, and in 

 cither case it requires a period of ten or twelve 

 years to elapse before a tree of this kind arrives 

 at sufficient size to bear much fruit. 



It is a fact which is not perhaps generally 

 known, that the common white thorn, the crab 

 .'ipple, and the service or May chsrry, niake very 

 good stocks for ajiples or pcar.s, and may be 

 found in great abundance in every part of our 

 country. 



By transplanting stock of the above kind in the 

 full, and engrafting them in the succeeding spring, 

 we may have a handsome crop of fruit in four or 

 five years, anticijiating the usual period at least 

 eix or seven seasons. 



For the different varieties of jjlums and cher- 

 ries, roots of the common wild plum and field 



cherry may be taken up at the proper season, en- 

 grafted, and immediately planted where they are 

 to remain. 



About an inch of the stock is left with the root, 

 to insert the graft in, and the earth must be drawn 

 up so as to protect it from the sun and air. 



Since a method has been discovered for prevent- 

 ing the ravages of the worm in our i)each trees, i 

 that delicious fruit, which at one time bad nearly 

 been extirpated, is again likely to become abun- 

 dant. 



I have pursued the following plan for eight or 

 nine years, with complete success, by which I 

 have been enabled to preserve upwards of 100 

 trees in good health and vigor, whils: most of the ! 

 trees in n)y neighborhood were either dying or 

 dead. 



In the first place, if there is any gum about the 

 roots, the earth is to be removed, and boiling wa- 

 ter applied, as recommended by a young lady of 

 New York. I can vouch for its safety and effi- 

 cacy, having been in the practice of using it, and 

 recommendiMg it to others for the last eight years. 



In the next [dace, a small barrowful of slaked 

 lime or ashes is to be well rammed round the 

 tree. This will generally secure them, so long 

 as it is kei)t close and compact around the 

 stock. But if, as it occasionally happens, gum 

 makes its appearance at the surface, we know 

 that a worm is below, engaged in the work of 

 death ; but by a little practice he may be instantly 

 found and dislodged. For this purpose remove 

 the earth, or ashes, with a common trowel, and 

 by sounding the bark with a fine pointed knife, the 

 cavity beneath will be found in which the worm 

 is lodged, slit it open, and he will be found nest- 

 ling at the bottom. 



It is a prevalent opinion that the grape vines of 

 France and Spain require some protection from 

 our winter frosts, which is certainly a mistake, 

 with respect to this, or I believe any part of the 

 middle states. I have a considerable variety of 

 the most tender foreign kinds, which I find to 

 bear the exposure throughout our severest winters 

 without injury. All that is necessary is to cut 

 them loose in the fidl from their fastenings, and 

 suffer them to swing freely in the wind. It has 

 been found by experience, that the foreign grapes, 

 when transplanted into our climate, do not make 

 wines of the same quality as in their native soil, 

 and that if we ever produce a wine which will 

 compete with those imported, it will be from a 

 native vine ; and to this end, it is desirable that 

 experiments should be multiplied in every part of 

 our country. 



I have selected as the subjects of my experi- 

 ments, the Schuylkill Muscadel, and a very fiae 

 grape which was discovered upon the hills in 

 Armstrong county, of which I have 500 fine plants 

 of two years old last spring. 



The greatest obstacle to the successful cultiva- 

 tion of th'e vine I have yet ex|'cricnced, arises 

 from the depredations of an insect commonly 

 known by the name of rose bug, which preys 

 upon the leaves and blossoms, and have destroyed 

 nearly all my grajjcs for the last two seasons, not- 

 withstanding every jiains I took to prevent it. If 

 some of your subscribers will point out a reined}', 

 it will mucli oldige his and your friend, 



KISHACOQUILLIS. 



ADVANTAGES OF SMALL FARMS. 

 A single uncultivated acre, is a real physical 

 evil in any state, and there can he no doubt that 

 extensive tracts, which are now waste would have 

 been reclaimed, and an inoaU'Mlable addition been 

 ujade to the produce and pi'piilatioii of the coun- 

 try, if the system of large farms had not obtained 

 auiong us. In a small farm each part is seen by 



the eye of its master, and has its due tillage 



The work of husbandry is chiefly perforujed by 

 the farmer and his fairnly. They spare no pains 

 to cultivate that soil which assures their subsis- 

 tence : and lience the glebe subdued and manur- 

 ed with assiduous care, makes a large return to 

 that labor which is bestowed on its culture. A 

 vast population springs up, and Ihe land is cover- 

 ed with the dwellings of a multitude of cultiva- 

 tors, who find, each, in the jiroduce of that small 

 farm which he occupies, a decent and comforta- 

 ble maintenance. It happens otherwise where 

 farms are of a large extent. In a large farm 

 many parts are overlooked or neglected, and a 

 more negligent cidture is bestowed by hired la- 

 borers more remiss and less interested it] the crop. 

 The great farmer is placed in a state of higher 

 plenty, and his dwelling, his furniture, and his 

 table express his opulence ; but while be enjoys 

 this affluence, and while luxury gains admissioa 

 atnong a rank of men to whose condition it is ill 

 suited, the populousness of the country decays, 

 the number of inilustrious cultivators is diminish- 

 ed, and extreme indigence is too often found in 

 the dwellings of those who inhabit around. This 

 practice has for some time |)revailc(I in England ; 

 the number of small farms is diminished, and the 

 proprietors of estates have in many instances 

 adopted the plan of laying many small farms into 

 one largo farm. Agriculture has not profited by 

 this alteration. The glebe stinted in its tillage, 

 where a single master grasps a whole domain, 

 has not yielded a more abundant harvest, and the 

 markets less amply provided in some inq)ortant ar- 

 ticles, miss that supply which they were accus- 

 tomed to draw from small farms. The popula- 

 tion of the cotnitry has fallen. While the man- 

 sion of the great farmer has risen more ostenta- 

 tiously, those numerous tenements that were scat- 

 tered through the fields, or that encircled the vil- 

 lage green, have disappeared, and the 'deserted 

 village' has furnished a theme for the poet's song. 

 The ancient tenant finding no occupation in the 

 fields where he has spent his youth, forsakes his 

 native shore and seeks with his family another 

 climate where his industry is better rewarded, or 

 where he serves to swell the ranks of sickness, 

 poverty, and death. This is not all. Let it be 

 reineiTibored that a firm and independent spirit is 

 better nourished among that rank of men, by 

 whom small farms are cultivated. They are ac- 

 tuated by the same s|)irit. They derive courage 

 from their numbers and resources. The bold an- 

 imate the timid. The resolute confirm tlie wa- 

 vering. They take their measures in common ; 

 tliey i)rosecute them with vigor, and their simple 

 virtues will give its character to a country, and 

 uphold in the liour of danger, the rights and liber- 

 ties of all. — Taunton Advocate. 



A bill for improving and encouraging the breed 

 of sheep, has passed the lower branch of the New 

 Hampshire Legislature. 



LORD CHATHAM'S GARDENS. 



Lord Chatham's taste in laying out his grounds 

 was exquisite. One scene in the gardens of South 

 Lodge, in Enfield Chase (which was designed by 

 him,) that of the Temple of Pan and accoinpani- 



