Vol. VII.— No. 25. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOUIlNvlL. 



197 



apt to send foitli sjirouts or suckers, and thus re- 

 new its grovi til. 



lu aiiplyiiijf -the axe to a wood iot, which the 

 owner would vvisJi to perpetuate by a sef.ies ol re- 

 productions, the best method is to cut down every 

 tree as far as you proceed. This will giv-'J the 

 sprouts frodi the stumps, and other young t.'-ees 

 tlie advanlages of a tree circulation of the air, a.'id 

 a fair exposure to the sun. Hut if some of th"? 

 large trees aie left, the shoots which sjiiiug up 

 from the slumps of tlie others will languish be- 

 neath their shade. 



That part of a wood lot, v/hicii has been cut 

 ■orer should he carefully fenced from cattle ; which 

 will otherwise destroy the young shoots by brows- 

 ing on them. Care should also be taken to break 

 offapartof the shoots around the stumps, leav- 

 ing only two or three of the most thrifty. By 

 such management, a wood lot might last for cen- 

 turies and be a source of gi'eat profit and utility. 



TRANSPLANTING FRUIT TREES. 



Hoiv to set out Fruit Trees on a light soil. Dig 

 a hole sufficiently large to prevent the roots of the 

 tree, which is to be transplanted, from being doub- 

 led, or jilaced in an imnatural position, and to give 

 room for the young shoots to extend themselves. 

 Place about the roots of each tree, together \vith 

 the mould, about half a bushel of small stones, the 

 size of a common apple, or somewhat less, which 

 will give stability to the soil, and prevent the roots 

 irom being loosened by the witids, which are so 

 prevalent in onr climate. 



Another mode of transplantmg fruit trees is thus 

 described by Loudon : " Planting by muddhig in 

 is a German practice In planting fruit trees, partic- 

 idarly suitable to the diy sandy soils of tliat coun- 

 try, and sometimes adopted in similar situations in 

 this country. The pit being dug out, the mould 

 in its bottom is watered and stirred so as to form 

 a mass of mud aljout half the depth of the jiit ; the 

 tree is then uiseitcd, and its roots worked up and 

 down in the mud, so as to spread them as much 

 .T.« possiijle through it. Blore mud, previously pre- 

 jiared, is poui'ed in till the pit is full, which is then 

 covered with drj' earth, raised round the stem, but 

 hollowed in the imddle, so as to form a basin round 

 its stem, and finally covered with litter, and if a 

 standard) it is fastened to a stake to protect it from 

 winds. Diel, a scientiJic German author, assures 

 his readers that trees planted in this way in spring, 

 thrive better in cold situations than those planted 

 ill the ordinary way in the preceding autumn. lie 

 found it also pailicularly useful in the case of 

 planting fruit trees in pots. Poitey, alluding to this 

 mode, says, " Planting in a puddle occasions the 

 soil speedily to firm, not only too hard for the 

 rnots of the plant to spread, hut also, so far as 

 jierfectly to exclude water." [This, however, we 

 lii.'lieve would not take place in a light sandy soil.] 



" Planting by fixuig with water is an excellent 

 r.-'Hcty of the last species. It has been succcss- 

 lldly practiced by Pontey, and is thus described by 

 liiui : — The hole being made, and the tree placid 

 ill it in the usual manner, the root is then shghtly 

 <(ivrred with the finer parts of the soil : the tree 

 licing at the same time shaken, as is coimnon, to 

 s ttle the earth among its roots. Water is then 

 .ipplied by a common garden watering pot, by 

 Jjouring it upon the soil with some force, in order 

 Ui wash it close to and among the roots o:' the 

 i lant. But this can only be done effectually by 

 ilevating the pot as high in the hands as it can be 

 conveniently used, after lirst taking off the nose. 



It will be obvious that for such purpose a large 

 pan, with a wide spout is to be preferred. The 

 hole is then filled up with the remainder of the 

 soil, and that again consolidated with water as be- 

 fore, which usually finishes the business. The 

 fiiot is never applied, except in the case of baiV 

 roots, which sometimes occasion the plants to be 

 left a little leaning. In such cases the application 

 of the foot slightly, once or twice, after the soil 

 has become somewhat firm, (which generally hap- 

 jriens in less than an hour,) sets the tree upright, 

 and so firiir a« to need no staking. 



A paper " On the Managem.ent of Orchards," 

 written by the Hon. John Wells, and originally 

 publislied in the Massachusetts Agricultural Re- 

 l)ository, States two successful experiments in 

 jilaiitiiig tre.es in situations not naturally favorable 

 to their growth. The writer states that, " It is 

 more easy than is generally supposed to overcome 

 many natural disadvantages, and an orchard may 

 be brought forward and made productive in a few 

 years, in a situation (when wished) not so favora- 

 ble. To show this, two cases will be mentioned? 

 which have been attended with good success. 



" In the one, a low piece of strong stoney land 

 was taken. As it was rather flat, it was ploughed 

 in strips, or dug in spaces about four feet square. 

 As it was necessary to plough a funow betweei> 

 each row, the mode of ploughing in strips was 

 tbiuid the best, as by turnuig the furrow towards 

 the tree the land was better drained. Besides 

 raising the gi'ound a little from the suiToiuiding 

 soil, half a buck load of loam was added to raise 

 the ground on which the tree was set. After this 

 was done, the strips or squares, as the case might 

 be, were appropriated to the culture of potatoes 

 and gariien vegetables. In a few places only the 

 n-ees failed from the insufficiency of tlie drain. 

 But by opening the drain, and raising the ground 

 by half a buck load of loam, I found on setting out 

 a new tree, it flourished equally with the rest. 

 This orchard now in eight years is a most valuable 

 one, and most of the trees would give half a barrel 

 of apples. ' 



" I'rcm this and other circumstances, which 

 have fallen within my observation, it appears that 

 lowland, if strong and well drained, will give a fine 

 oi'chard, and probably sooner thau any other. 



" The next effort was made under totally oppo- 

 site circumstances. The object was to have an 

 orchard on a particular spot, wlie're the soil was 

 thin and light upon a plaui or flat. The holes 

 were dug four feet over. The two upper strata 

 of black and yellow loam were placed beside the 

 tree. After this, about ten inches in deptli of the 

 gravelly or poorer earth was taken out and carted 

 off, and a horse-cart load of stones upset in the 

 hole ; upon these, a part of the upper stratum, or 

 some dirt from the side of the road, was scattered, 

 so as to fill up the interstices, since Avhich the 

 spots near the trees have been cultivated by plant- 

 ing four hills of potatoes round each tree. The 

 result has been tolerably tavorable with all. But 

 the trees having the stones at the roots liave ex- 

 ceedingly outstripped the others." 



Mill, in Northbridge, Mass. and are found to ans- 

 wer a much better imrpose, with no labor at all 

 than old fashioned wooden temples now in geji- 

 eral use. 



A writer in the New York Daily Advertiser, de- 

 clares from his own experience, that a strong tea, 

 made of wood soot, drank freely, cold, is an unfail- 

 ing remedy for Dyspep.sia. 



A Mr Lawton, of Newport, Rhode Island, has 

 invented a new kind of temples, a pair of which 

 are now in operation at T. Buflum & Co's Cotton 



We give the annexed paragraph as we find it 

 in] the Baltimore American. Much an.xieiy will 

 naturally be felt to learn something further of the 

 jilan and coiistruction of a car affording the amaz- 

 ing advantage represented, and it would give us 

 pleasure to be able to enlighten our readers upon 

 the subject. Forty tons is a large load for a horse, 

 and any road or car which allows him to exert 

 that power, will be an invention surpassing that 

 of the steam engine. — Pcan. Gazette. 



From the moiuent of the commencement of the 

 Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road, we were strongly 

 inclined to the opinion that the inventive genius 

 of our countrymen would never be contented to 

 follow the beaten track pursued in similar works, 

 on the other side of the Atlantic. Accordingly, 

 we have already had occasion to notice several 

 new and valuable improvements in the construc- 

 tion of railways and rail road carriages; and, 

 within the last month, the meritorious invention 

 of our esteemed townsman, Dr Wni Howard. — 

 We have now to speak of another invention of a 

 railway car, the model of which has just been 

 submitted to the directors of the Baltimore and 

 Ohio Rail Road Company, by the inventor, Mr 

 Ross Wiiians, of New .Jersey, and Mr J. L. Sulh- 

 van, civil engineer. The car is very simple in its 

 construction, and seems so admirably to answer 

 its intended purpose as to leave nothing to be de- 

 sired on the score of facility of transportation. — 

 Such, at all events, appears to be the opinion en- 

 tei tallied of it by a number of gentlemen who wit- 

 neseed its exhibition on Saturday. The model is 

 c.ijiablc of carrying 400 pounds weight. The ef- 

 fect of its operation under the disadvantage of an 

 imperfect railway, was five and a half times great- 

 er than is usual on the rail roads in England. A 

 half pound weight led over a liulley, drew 460 

 pounds, exclusive of the carriage, which v/ejgbed 

 100 pounds. In England it is considered that 

 one pound is the power requisite for drawing a 

 load of 200 jiounds. In the present instance, one 

 pound to 1144 jiounds was the ratio of the power 

 to the load ; and it is expected that on a large 

 scale, a still greater advantage will be gained. — 

 With this car a horse will be able to draw up- 

 wards of 40 tons, instead of 8^- tons, by the ordi- 

 nary mode. The car has also other properties 

 which we understand have a tendency to lessen 

 the expense of the unavoidable curves of a rail- 

 road. The model will remain in tliis city for 

 some days, so that all who feel a desire to exam- 

 ine it, may have an opportunity of doing so. It 

 will probably be removed to the Exchange in the 

 course of to-duy. 



EFFECTS OF IVY ON TREES. 



> -It appears to be a vulgar prejudice that ivy kills 

 the trees it clings to. If it rooted itself, as is erro- 

 neously supposed, in their bark, and fed upon their 

 juices, it might merit the accusation of a destroyer; 

 but it derive? its nourishment wholly from the 

 ground, where it is rooted ; and the supposed roots 

 are only tendrils or holdfasts to enable it to chmb. 

 The opinion of its injtiring trees seetiis to have 

 arisen, (and very naturally too,) ft-oin the fact it 

 prefers to climb up a dead or dying branch, and 

 will not attach itself to very young wood at all. 

 MrRepton,ihe landscape gardener, gives numerous 



