Vol.VII.— No.27. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



211 



model. On arriving at it, the six jumped into the 

 car, and caUini; ii))on the hoy to give them a ride, 

 they liad an oppoi-tunity of seeing liow easily and 

 smoothly the movement was effected. From Co- 

 lumbia to Ciiarleston is 120 miles, and the toll for 

 transportation is to be 25 cents on the bale of cot- 

 ton from one place to the other. The present price 

 of conveyance by a canal, throuch the same dis- 

 tance, is about a dollar and a half, so that the rail 

 road, as soon as completed, will probably wholly 

 supersede the canal, and make it of no use. — Penn. 

 Gazette. 



STATISTICS. 



The Western Tiller contains a sensible and m- 

 teresthig paper on the population of the United 

 States, in reference to the approaching census of 

 1830. The number of inhabitants in 1790, was 

 3,816,4.56, and calculated from the past ratio of 

 increase, it will be at the next census, 12,.520,500, 

 giving an increase within these periods of 8,604,044. 

 From this estimate the following important facts 

 are deduced : — 



The i)opulation of the United States has, in 40 

 years been trebled. 



The states which in that time have received the 

 greatest accession of immbers are New York, Ohio, 

 and Pennsylvania. 



That the middle and western non slave holding 

 states, being New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 

 Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, have, in the same space 

 of time, nndtiplied their people more than fivefold, 

 and contain more than half the white inhabitants 

 of the United States. 



Thai tlie soutbem slave holding states, so c^'led, 

 Maiyland, Virginia, North Carolina, SoutlvA^ - '.'"na, 

 Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, have ir'".1iat 

 period, only doubled, and fi-om nearly halt; arc 

 reduced to less than one tliird of the whole popu- 

 lation. 



That in reference to the most important points 

 of national policy, to protection of American in- 

 dustry the centre of power has been entirely 

 changed. 



BOSTON MECHANICS. 



An elegant Fire Engine, made by that excellent 

 mechanic and engineer, Mr W. C. Hunneman of 

 tins city, was recently exhibited in State street. 

 It appears to unite strength, power, and beauty, in 

 a degree equal, at least to any of those recently 

 imported into this city from the south — and is much 

 cheaper. We understand that it was made for 

 the King's Navy Yard, at the Havana, and that it 

 cost but $500 — a sum not greater than that re- 

 cently paid merely fir repairs on one of our old 

 Engines. The Engine made at Philadelphia, for 

 the city cost 81200 — and is put together Viixh fif- 

 teen screws — the Cataract made in London Avith 

 thirfijsi.v — \ilijle this of Mr Htmneman's is seemed 

 with oidy nine screws — some evidence, we shoidd 

 think, of the .superior simplicity of its construction. 



Boston Statesman. 



Oil from Sarijlowirs. — A very delicate oil, much 

 used in Russian cookery, is expressed from tlie 

 seeds cf the sunllower, and is prepared by enclos- 

 ing them in bags, and steeping them in warm 

 water, after which the oil is expressed ; this is 

 actually as sweet as hatter.-r-Scotsman. 



Pears. — Pears may be grafted on stocks of the 

 Mountaiii Asli and the Service Tree ; both of 

 which will grow and thrive where pear tree 

 stocks would not. I liave also seen apples graft- 



ed on. quince stocks, and planted in a soil so wet 

 that an a])j)le conld not live ; but they are doing 

 very well, and making exceedingly fine shoots. — 

 Ritsiicus in Urbe. [Loudon's Magazine.] 



The editor of the Wilmington (Del.) Advertiser, 

 makes the following very liberal offer : 



" To any farmer who is now, or may become a 

 snliscriber to this paper, by the first day of May, 

 (planting com time) that shall, the approaching 

 season, raise from one acre of land, the greatest j 

 quantity of merchantable Indian corn, we will give | 

 a Gold Medal valued at $20, a Silver Tankard of 

 the same value, or the like amount in cash, at the 

 option of the person entitled to the premium." 



We sincerelj' hope that the generous proposal 

 of Mr Mendenhall, \\\\\ be productive of good crops 

 of corn to his suliscribers — and of good crops of 

 subscribers to his paper. — U. S. Gazette. 



Resolution. — For a soldier to meet the enemy in 

 battle, where leaden deaths are whizzing on every 

 side, must require no faint resolution ; for a lover 

 to pop the question of questions to his deary, when 

 his heart goes pit-a-pat, and his tongue threatens 

 to prove recreant to its office, requires no eveiy- 

 dny effort of resolution ; for a toper to quit the 

 lieioved bottle, and endeavor to stem the strong tide 

 of his hankerings, requires a mighty resolution — 

 and many a man, having proved victorious for a 

 moment, goes back again to "treat resolution ;" but ] 

 of all the situations in life requiring a determined, j 

 heroic and prodigious effort of resolution, that of 

 getting out of a warm bed, in a keen cold morning, j 

 caps the climax — we mean one of those mornings 

 when the -svindows are crusted over with frost, I 

 when your lireatb congeals on the sheets, when I 

 your fingers freeze fast to the door latch, and the \ 

 very air itself seems stiffened with cold. — Berkshire ' 

 American. 



DEFERRED ARTICLES. 



The following, intended for insertion last week 

 were omitted by mistake. 



Extracts from Governor Lincoln's Message. 

 Rail Roads. 



The examinations and surveys, which were as- 

 signed by the Legislature to the direction of the 

 Commissioners of Internal Improvement, have 

 been completed since the last session, and plans 

 of proposed routes for Rail Roads from Boston to 

 Proviilence, and from Boston to the Hudson Riv- 

 er, with estimates of the cost of construction, in 

 detailed Reports, will be submitted to your con- 

 sideration. The reports will exhibit distances, 

 preferences of location, difference in estimates of 

 expense, and comparative advantages from occa- 

 sions of business, upon every direction of way which 

 has justified examination, and no reasonable ground 

 of inquiry will remain, to occasion delay, in deter- 

 mining the manner and time of proceeding to the 

 work. Every pas.sing day bears witness, that 

 for want of facilities to intercommunity between 

 the interior and the cajiital of the State, the most 

 serious diversions of trade are taking ])lace, to 

 other markets. Already, hundreds of tons of 

 merchandize have been carried from the ware- 

 houses of a neighboring government, through a 

 new channel, into a central and populous district 

 of the Commonwealth. 



By this channel, also, a direct trade in lumber 

 has commenced with the State of Maine, and in 

 goods with the city of New York, from either of 



which places, water conveyance, fifty miles inland 

 into Massachusetts, is at half the cost of land car- 

 riage from Boston to Worcester only. The oc- 

 casion of business along this line of artificial co?n- 

 niunication has been estimated to require, for the 

 next year, the constant employment of at least 

 twenty boats of a tonnage of from 20 to 30 tons 

 each. It is not, however, to counteract the suc- 

 cess of this, or of any other enterprise,, that differ- 

 ent projects are to be undertaken. They all tend 

 to the improvement of the condition of the coun 

 try. Multiply them, and additional capacities are 

 afforded to employ and sustain an augmented 

 population. 



AcRIcnLTDRAL SoCIETES. 



The acts for the encouragement of Agriculture 

 and Manufactures will expire, by their limitation, 

 on the 20th February next. The question of 

 continuing the patronage of the government to 

 those important interests, through the agency of the 

 Agricultural Societies, will, therefore at tliis time, 

 require decision. Before the next Legislature, 

 the usual and convenient season for issuing pro- 

 posals of premiums, for the current year, will have 

 passed, and without the aid of Government, it 

 may be feared that many of the Societies will be 

 unable to hold their customary Exhibitions. To 

 those who have had oi)portunities to witness the 

 certain aud beneficial influence of the bounty 

 which has been distributed by these Institutions, 

 it would be matter of regret that it should now 

 cease. It has diffused a spirit of improvement 

 from the Treasury Office to the remotest parts of 

 the Commonwealth. No public bestowment was 

 ever more faithfully applied, and none will be 

 found to have made richer returns to the source 

 from which it was derived. As a measure of po- 

 litical economy, it has yielded, annually, an hun- 

 dred fold its amount in the increase of taxable 

 capital. 



FROST WORK. " 

 We have seen and heard of considerable dam- 

 age accruing to fruit and forest trees by accumu- 

 lations of ice on their slender branches. Peach 

 trees in particular, have been pruned in a most 

 umnerciful manner, by that mischievous person- 

 age, vulgarly called Jack Frost. The damage, 

 however, from this cause, has not, we beheve, 

 been so great near the sea coast, as at some dis- 

 tance in the interior. The Lancaster Gazette, of 

 tlie irjth inst. says, " vast numbers of trees, of all 

 descriptions, have been broken, and in many in- 

 stances ruined, by the weight of the ice collected 

 on their branches. Peach trees have suflfered 

 ])articulaviy, and some of the beautiful elms which 

 adorned our streets have fallen victims amidst the 

 genera! havock. In the neighboring towns, we 

 learn, the damage to trees has. been equally ex- 

 tensive. The injury done to youiig growths of 

 wood is also very great. Some of the roads 

 through the woods in the neighborhood are ren- 

 dered impassable by the fallen trees. In Sterling 

 and Princeton, we are informed the ice collected 

 on the trees much heavier than here. Mr Ma- 

 napsah Willard brought to our office from Ster- 

 linn- a few very small branches of an apple tree, 

 on v/hich the ice had collected to the thickness of 

 two inches. He also showed us a specimen of 

 the general appearance of the fields in his neigh- 

 bordood. On a few, say twenty or thirty speres 

 of grass a solid mass of ice was formed, exhibit- 

 ing the appearance of a cluster of grapes, and 

 weighing three or four pounds. 



