Vol.VII.— No.30. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



235 



culture of tlie vine ; it is even tliouglit that Russia 

 may, at no distant period, produce wiuc cnougli 

 in the Crimea for licr own consumption. The 

 first vineyards were planted tliere in the year 

 1804,' at the suggestion of the celebrated natural- 

 ist, Pallas ; the situation is named GadjaUol, in the 

 territory of Kosi.' Cuttings of vines were brought 

 from France, Zante, Teneilos, the Rhine, Astra- 

 chan, and Kizliar ; and two Frenchmen, the one 

 a v:nc-dresser and the other a farmer, were ap- 

 pointed to plant and to manage them. Ten or- j 

 phan pupils, from the military school of Cherson, ' 

 were put under the care of these cultivators ; gov- [ 

 ernraent suppli;nl the necessary capital for every , 

 part of the undertaking ; and 28,000 vines were i 

 planted, which, in the year 1826, produced 1.500 

 vedros of wine of Hungary, Bourdeaux, the Rhine, 

 Asmalhausen, Muscat, Petit-Burgoyne, Zante, and 

 Kakonr, of the best quality. — Bui. Un. 



it to one quart ; rub her udder a little with it, and 

 give her the rest by way of drink ; milk her clean 

 before you give it to her ; and as you see need 

 requires repeat it. Draw a little milk from her 

 every second or third day ; lest her udder be 

 overcharged. — Monk^s Agricullural Dictionary. 



[We copy the following from the New York 

 Enquirer, of the 27th inst. The pear ripens in 

 November, and is alluded to in the New England 

 Farmer, current volume, page 198.] 



LARGE PEAR. 



SrR — 1 saw with [ileasure that in your paper of 

 the 22(1 inst you gave an account of a gigantic 

 Pear, presented to the Royal Horticultural Society 

 of Paris. The measures arc different from the 

 true size of the pear, which 1 have received of a 

 member of the committee of said Society, which 

 ere as f(dIows : — circumference, 13 inches and i 

 two-thirds, in the place of 15 inches ; height, 8 1 

 inches, instead of 9 inches ; the weight 1 pound 6 i 

 ounces, in the place of 1 pound 9 ounces. The 

 trees are sold at 5 francs each in Paris ; I have 

 received six of that kind by the late arrival of the 

 Bayard, which are the first introduced in this i 

 country ; the gentleman who has had the good- j 

 ness to direct them to me, writes me that this pear 1 

 is of the first quality, as well for the flavor as fori 

 the size. A. PARMENTIER, 



Horticultural and Botanical Gar- \ 

 den, Brooklyn, Long Island. j 



Receipt for making Composition Cake. — One 

 pound of flour, one of sugar, half a pound of 

 liutter, seven eggs, half a pint of cream, and a gill 

 of brandy. 



Tea Cake. — Three cups of sugar, three eggs, 

 one cup of butter, one cup of milk, two eujis of 

 flour, a small lump of pearlash, and make it not 

 quite as stiff' as pound cake. 



Clove Cake. — Three pounds of flour, one of but- 

 ter, one of sugar, three eggs, two spoonfuls of 

 cloves — mix it with molasses. 



Sore Tliroat from Cold. — At this season of the 

 year, when common colds are prevalent, a better 

 remedy cannot be prescribed for a soreness or in- 

 Jlammation of the inside of the throat, which often 

 attends a severe catarrh than the following ; 



Mix a wine glass full of good calcined magnesia 



and honey, to the consistence of paste, or jelly, 



I and take a sjjoouful once an hour through the day 



for a day or two. It is cooling, healing, and a 



very gentle cathartic. — Bermuda pa. 



To dry Cows, which you wish to fatten. — Take an 

 ounce of ])owilered alum ; boil it in two quarts of 

 milk till it turns to whey ; then take a large harjd- 

 ful of sage, and boil it iu the whey till you reduce 



From Ihe Mass. Agric. Repository. 



O.N THE CULTIVATION OF THE EOPPY FOR THE PUR- 

 POSE OF PRODUCING OPIUM. 



" Messrs Cowley and Staines, of Winslow, 

 Buckinghamshire, have cultivated ))oppies for opi- 

 um, with such success, as to induce the belief, that 

 this branch of agriculture is of naftonaZsmnor/artfe, 

 and worthy of support. In the year 1821 they 

 |)rocured 60 lbs. of solid opium, equal to the best 

 Turkey opium, (quere ?) from rather less than four 

 acres and an half of ground. The seed was sown 

 in February, came np in March, and after proper 

 hoeing, setting out, &-C., the opium gathering com- 

 Uienced at the latter end of July. The criterion 

 for gathering the opium was, when the poppies 

 having lost their petals were covered with a blu- 

 ish white mould. [With great deference, we 

 should say, that the directions would have been 

 more clear, if they had stated the size of the cap- 

 sides or seed vessels when the gathering began.] 

 They are then scarified, [or scratched with a pin 

 or knife. En.] and the head left till the juice is co- 

 agulated, about two hours, when it is removed, 

 and new incisions made. Opium is produced un- 

 til the third and fourth incisions, and in some in- 

 stances till the tenth. Ninety-seven pounds were 

 procured at an expense of (one hundred and forty- 

 five dollars) and this being dried in the sun, yield- 

 ed above sixty pounds of opium. The heads of 

 the popiiies were then allowed to dry, and were 

 thrashed, and the seeds, it was expected, as they 

 weighed thirteen hundred pounds, would produce 

 seventy-one gallons of oil. The oil cake was 

 given to cattle and pigs, with great advantage." 



REMARKS. 



If the cultivation of the Poppy for opium can 

 be considered as an object of national importance 

 in Great Britain, it seems to be certain tliat it 

 must be so here. Our climate is much better 

 adapted to this plant. Sown in May, its ca])sules 

 are fit to use in July. They are larger and finer 

 than in England. The variety from which the 

 Turkey opium is obtained is the large single white 

 poppy. The ca|)sules are of the size of a large 

 pigeon's egg. When they have obtained their 

 greatest size, the capsule is to be slit with a pin, 

 or sharp penknife ; from the wound issues a rnilky 

 kind of juice which in two hours thickens, and 

 should then be collected and afterwards dried in 

 the sun. In raising it on a great scale, the pop- 

 pies should be sown in rows or beds, so as to per- 

 mit the collectors of the opium to pass between 

 them. 



We havn no expectation that such extensive 

 experiments will be made in our country, but 

 many curious persons may be disposed to raise a 

 quarter of an acre each. The remarks which 

 have been made are the result of personal obser- 

 vation by J. L. 



DUTCH METHOD OF EXTRACTING BLUE 

 COLOR FROM WOAD. 



The leaves are put together with water into a 

 cask, and tfie mass loaded with weights. In this 

 state they are suffered to remain for sixteen or 



eighteen houis,*or until the saturation is complete, 

 which is indicaleil by the water's assuming a yel- 

 lowish green tincture. The leaves are then taken 

 out, and the solution suffered to remain a few min- 

 utes, in order to prcciiiitate its earthy jiarticles; it 

 is then filtered through a sieve of iron wire, horse 

 hair, woollen or silk, and afterwards stirred vio- 

 lently for a quarter of an hour with a wooden 

 spatula. 



At this stage of the process a quantity of limo 

 water is thrown into the extract, and the stirring 

 is continued for some minutes longer, after which 

 it is suffered to repose for several hours. At 

 length a beautiful blue sediment will become de- 

 posited at the bottom of the vessel, and nothing 

 farther is requisite than to filter, and afterwards 

 dry it in small heaps on a wooden table by the 

 rays of the sun, in order to bring it to a dry and 

 marketable state. — BuUeiin des Sciences. 



[From Fessenden's New American Gardener.] 



GARDENER'S CALENDAR. 



February. — Manure may be carried into those 

 places where it is needed, left in a heap, but not 

 spread. Wherever and whenever the snow is off 

 the ground, rake together and burn the haulm, or 

 whatever may remain from the last year's crop. — 

 Straw mats for the hot-beds, pales, rails, lattices, 

 or trelhses for espalier trees, should be got in read- 

 iness. See that your garden tools are in good re- 

 pair, and procure such new ones as may be ne- 

 cessary. Il is now time to set about procuring 

 and preparing materials for, and forming hot-beds. 

 Clean trees from moss, and protect them against 

 mice and rabbits by whitewashing with lime, or 

 smearing with some composition which is offen- 

 sive to those vermin. Enter in earnest into the 

 business of forwarding various kinds of seedhng 

 plants, by artificial means, so that they may have 

 strong roots, and arrive at some size by the time 

 they would naturally make their first appearance 

 above ground. This may well be done by adopt- 

 ing Mr Armstrong's method, with regard to mel- 

 ons, mentioned in the New American Gardener, 

 page 202. Attend to your fruit in your fruit-room 

 or cellar, on shelves or in boxes, and, if necessary, 

 pick it over, and cull out whatever is defective ; 

 wipe the remainder dry, and pack it away anew. 

 But if it is put down in some sort of grain, dry 

 sand, flax-seed chaff, or, what is probably best of 

 all, pulverized plaster of Paris, you will not need 

 to meddle with it. You may now, perhaps, begin 

 to force asparagus in hot-beds. Sow under glass 

 cases, for transplanting or otherwise, radishes, car- 

 rots, small salads, peas, beans, &c. Protect choice 

 plants, which may show a disposition to vegetate, 

 liy matting, litte.--, cases of wicker, old bark, and 

 other proper means. 



A correspondent of the-Palladium relates that a 

 (lerson in Boston, whose system had contracted 

 a propensity to dropsy from sedentary employ- 

 ment, and whose limbs had become so much en- 

 larged as to burst the skin, has been lately cured 

 entirely, by laving the legs in cold water. 



Pure Glass. — It is stated in the Literary Gazette, 

 that Mr Herschell and Mr Faraday have at la.st 

 succeeded in their long |iractised series of experi- 

 ments for producing pure glass for optical pur- 

 poses. It is believed that the attainment of this 

 most desirable object will produce extraordinary 

 results in the highest of all sciences, Astronomy.— • 

 JVat. Journal. 



