NEW ENG-I^AN 



JtIGRa 



Published by John B. Russelj,, at JVo. 52 M)rth Market Street, (at the Agricultural Warehouse] Thomas G. Fessenden, Editor. 



VOL. VII. 



BOSTON, FRIDAY, APRIL 17, 1829. 



No. 39. 



HORTICULTURE. 



FOft THB HEW Eaar.iND FABMKK. 



NOTICES OF THE NEW PEARS. 



(BISECTED FROM FOREIGN WORKS.) 



( Continued from page 302.J 



London Hoit. Transactions, vol. vi. part iii. 



Bryan Edwards'' pear. Capt. Peter Rainiei sent 

 specimens of a seedling pear of considerabb ex- 

 ■cellence. It resembles the Easter Bergamot in 

 shape and color, but is melting with a little grit at 

 the core. It ripens in the beginning of Novem- 

 ber, is rich, sweet, and pleasantly perfmnecl and 

 is an excellent bearer. It was foand groioiiig 

 wild in the neighborhood of Southampton, by the i contracted 



November, but those ripened in less favorable sum- ; 

 mers, will keep till February. [1 pause here, and 

 request readers to examine carefully this .sugges- ) 

 tion. In less favorable summers, the fruit keeps ! 

 longer in England. So it is here, in cold sum- 

 mers, the fruit is gathered less mature, and of 

 course keeps longer. It is on this ground that I 

 predicted, that none of the new fruits will keep as 

 long in our climate, as in the more cool countries 

 of Europe. — J. L.] 



The fruit of the D'Aremberg is strictly turbinate, 

 [like a top or conical] on an average three inches 

 and an half long, and two inches and three-fourths 

 wide, at the broadest part, stalk one inch in 

 length — towards the stalk the figure is slightly 

 The skin is of a pale delicate green. 



late Bryan Edwards, Esq. (author of the History j slightly dotted with russet and becomes occasion 

 of Jamaica.) It has been named Bryan Edwards' i ally deep yellow at maturity, but it is then past its 

 Pear. The original tree is hardy, and prodiicesa I fcesi. Flesh whitish, firm, very juicy, dissolves in 

 crop even in an unfavorable season. It shoutl be | the mouth, wholly destitute of grit — it is sweet, 

 gathered before it is ripe. [This tree I belieielias : rich, and so ])eculiarly high flavored, that I know 



not reached this com try. — J. Lowell.] 



TindaWs Swan's Egg. Messi-s. G. &, W. 7iii- 

 dall, of Beverly, Yorkshire, sent specimens totlie 

 London Ilort. Society, of a new variety of Svnn's 



no pear which can be compared with it in that 

 respect. 



As this pear possesses merit of such a high de- 

 [ gree, it is very important that no variety shoidd 



Egg, which succeeds well in that neighborlood i be confounded with it, and yet I fear this will be 

 {a cold northern one.] It is- larger, and broTuer | found to have happened to a considerable extent 

 than the common Swan's Egg, and equal to t in 

 flavor. It keeps well till the end of January ,and 

 sometimes later. [This pear has never beeiilm- 

 ported I believe, but seems to promise weF for 



us J. L.] 



London liort. Tr.-nsactions, vol. vii. part i. 



Duchesse D'Angouleme. [So named from the only I 

 surviving child of the late Louis XVI. and his un- 

 happy queen, Marie Antoinette, and their eoiDpan- 

 ion in the Temple.] This pear was sent some 

 years synce by M. Noi.sette, from Paris, and since 

 from Jersey. It is of a roundisli oblong figure, 

 tapering towards the stalk, with an extremely un- 

 ■even knobby surface. Both the eye and stalk are 

 deejjly sunk in an irregular cavity, the stalk being 

 about one-fiftii the length of the fruit, which gi n- 

 erally measures about 3 inches and an half each 

 way, but soi'ietimes acquires a muc^ g-recrter size. 

 [The colored figure now before me is larger than 

 that of atjy table pear known. It is as large as a 

 middling j'ound pear, and must have weighed from 

 12 to 16 ounces. — J. L.] The skin is pale yellow, 

 copiously, and regularly spotted with broad fusset 

 marks. The flesh is yellow, quite melting, and 

 most agreeably perfumed. This is not only a va- 

 riety of the first excellence, but it is perfectly dis- 

 tinct from all other pears. Its imusually knoliby 

 and uneven surface, and the broad distinct brown 

 spots of the .skin are i)cculiar to itself It is gen- 

 erally in perfection during November and Decem- 

 ber, but this year, 1826, it did not keep beyond 

 October. [The surface resembles a rough warty 

 lemon very exactly. — J. L.] 



Bevrre d' Aremberg. The history of the origin 

 of this delicious variety has been already given in 

 former articles, but at that time too little was 

 known of its merits : subsequent exiierience has 

 shown that it deserves to be placed at the head of 

 all the pears now in cultivation. Numerous speci- 

 mens were received which were ripe in October, 

 and others which were in pcrftction at the end of 



Such was the Country Gentleman's account— 

 but the Hort. Society of Paris remark, that M. 

 Bosc, to whom the pear was referred for examin- 

 ation, thought it only a St Lezin, a pear cultivated 

 for time imniemorial, in Anjou, and introduced 

 within forty or fifty years into the gardens near 

 Paris — figured in the New Duhamel, edited by 

 Poiteau and Tur])in, and in the Jardin Fruitier of 

 Noisette. Bosc thought the samples sent of the 

 pretended, or supposed new pear, more colored 

 and more beautiful, but Noisette and Poiteau both 

 agreed with him that it was the St Lezin. Fur- 

 ther, the grafts of the new pear have since borne 

 in Paris, and .the Society are confirmed in the 

 opinion that it is an old fruit. 



[I beg readers to examine this case, and they 

 will be convinced that it is very foolish to be 

 hasty in giving new names, and calling fruits na- 

 tive or natural ones, till they have been thorough- 

 ly compared with every old variety. 



We hope some gentleman will import from 

 Paris, both the Poire de Monsieur and the St Le- 

 zin. They are both new to us, and merit cultiva- 

 tion for their beauty and long keeping. 



The promise made to the public has been ful- 

 filled, and I hope advantage will be derived from 

 it. J. LOWELL. 



In the 5th volume of the London Hort. Transac- 

 tions, among the Flemish pears described by Mr 

 Parmentier, is one called the Gloux Morceaux, 

 wliich is extremely similar to the D'Aremberg, 

 and which I believe has been sent into cuhivalion uu- 

 der that name. It may, however, be distinguished 

 by its greater size, greater irregularity of outline, 

 its later period of ripening, and though a pear of 

 great excellence, by its firmer, more gritty, and 

 less highly flavored flesh. [Figures are given of 

 both,aud the Gloux Morceaux is nearly double the 

 size of the D'Aremberg — the former being four 

 inches long and three one-half broad, and the lat- 

 ter three one-half by three. — J. L.] 



This concludes the new pears in the London 

 Hort. Transactions, down to 1827. The only 

 new pear as yet noticed in the Annales d' Horti- 

 culture de Le Soc. d' Hortic. de Paris, is in the 

 tome |u-emier 3" livraison, ami is called Poire de 

 Monsieur. [So called by way of abbreviation of 

 its first name. Poire de Monsieur Le Cure, be- 

 cause a country priest found it, and brought it into 

 cultivation.] 



" Poire de Monsieur. This is a very large and 

 beautiful variety, and the following is the account 

 sent to the Society of Paris by a cultivator. It 

 was found in the woods. The original tree is still 

 living. It has been multi|)lied exceedingly on ac- 

 count of its excellent proiienies. Here our peas- 

 ants still entertain the silly prejudice that you must 

 graft on the second or third day of the moon, because 

 you must tvait as many years for the fruit as the 

 moon had days of age when the graft was inserted .'.' 

 The fruit is pear shaped, very beautiful. I have 

 seen it 8 or 9 inches long ! [I must doubt it. — J. 

 L.] Clear red on the sunny side,greenish yellow on 

 the shady side; excellent towards the carnival [i.e. 

 in early spring] and keeping till Paqoes. [i. e. 

 Easter, early in April.] It is a great bearer, and 

 rarely fails, but the fruit varies exceedingly in size 

 in different years." 



FOB THE NEW ENGLANP FAKMEK. 



FRUITS, &c. 



Mr Editor — " A Farmer," in your number of 

 March 20, states that bis grandfather, seventy 

 years agi,, pianted out an orchard of natural fruit, 

 from a nur.sery on his farm, all the trees of which 

 produced apples exactly of the same kind ; and he 

 asks for tlie cause of this novel circumstance. 



There is one, and only one, |)hilosophical way 

 of accounting for it, that I know of: The seeds 

 sown in the nursery must have beci\ all taken from 

 the same parent tree ; and this tree must have blos- 

 somed in an isolated situation, remote from any other 

 blossoming tree of the apple kind. An apple, pear, 

 peach, or plum seed, grown remote from any tree 

 of its species, will produce fruit like the parent 

 tree, and of no other kind. 



Plants, like animals, have sexual organs, neces- 

 sary and destined to propagate their species. In 

 the fruits above named, and in most other plants, 

 the male and female organs exist in the same 

 flov/er, or on the same plant. The female (the 

 pistil) is in the centre of the blpssom, surrounded 

 by the male (stamens.) Upon the points of the 

 latter are the anthers, which contain the farina, 

 pollen, or semen, the contact of which with the 

 pistil, or female organ, is essential to the produc- 

 tion of seed. These organs are conspicuous itt 

 the conunon lily of the meadow ; and a familiar 

 illustration of the importance and influence of the 

 pollen on the progeny, may be cited in the maize. 

 In this 1,-raiu the male organs are the tassels, the 

 female tlie silk, a fibre of which extends to every 

 kernel on the cob. Cover this silk so as to pre- 

 vent the contact of the pollen, or yellow dust 

 which falls from the tassels, and there will not be 

 a kernel of grain on the cob. Fecundate or dust 

 it with the pollen of a dozen kinds, and you will 

 find all these kinds upon the ripened ear. A field 

 of maize, planted with one variety of seed, pro- 



