Vol. VII.— No. 41. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



325 



the throats of horses, become minute larvse 'mag- 

 gots) iinil iniike tljeh- way into the ])assage to the 

 Stomach fuliis, until tljey are of a size to destroy 

 that organ, unless they are passed off by some for- 

 tunate cause. 



2. Should it be thus demonstrated, that the Bot 

 is the larvae of the throat-nitter, common sense 

 would suggest an effectual preventive. A piece of 

 oil cloth fastened under the throat, for three or 

 four weeks commencing the last week in August, 

 must be a perfect defence. 



AMOS EATON. 



Renssdatr School, Troy, March 16, 1829. 



FRUIT TREES. 

 Mr W. Hill, of Comb Hay, near Bath, in his 

 letter lo the Bath and West of England Society, 

 on the subject of Orchard Plantation, states, that 

 he had for several years past directed his atten- 

 tion to the cultivation of various sorts of apples, 

 princip.illy table fruit ; and he had so far succeed- 

 ed as to receive from trees of a first year's crop 

 4, of a second year's crop 12, and of a third 

 year's crop 1-5 |)ecks of fruit. His method of 

 planting was, after clearing the land, and pre- 

 paring it for planting, to throw out the soil to the 

 depth of 18 inches, and loosen it about 10 inches 

 deeper still ; the soil so thrown out he suffered to 

 remain till it became pulverized. When reduced 

 to that .state, he then proceeded to planting, raising 

 the trees occasionally and shaking the roots, 

 by which means they acquired a firm and equal 

 standing. He much reprobated the common prac- 

 tice of throwing the soil aroimd the roots of the 

 tree in heavy lumps as it was dug up, and then 

 treading it in ; contending that this process must 

 nece.ssarily tear the roots, and deprive them of 

 their bark or rind. Most people, he observed, 

 were aware, that if a tree were stripped of its 

 bark, it would die ; but planters of trees in many 

 instances appear to forget that the more tender 

 bark of the roots might bo destroyed in the same 

 inatuier. By adopting the manner of planting 

 which he had reconunended, he had last year on 

 Bonie plants half a peck, and on others a peck of 

 fruit. The land on which he nia<le these experi- 

 ments was considered of little value ; but he had 

 no doubt of its being productive of good crops, 

 under this method of cultivating it. — English pa. 



The Madeira nut, which is usually sold at the 

 shops under the name of the English walnut, at 

 12.J to 16 cents per pound, may be cultivated here 

 without difficulty, and is very productive. In the 

 vicinity of New York, there is a tree which has 

 produced in a single year, as many as sold in the 

 market for two hundred dollars. We have no 

 doidn that it might be engrafted on the butter-nut, 

 or the walnut, with perfect success. It is a tree 

 of the same genus, and in its character bears a 

 nearer resemblance to the butter-nut than many 

 other trees do to those on which they are success- 

 fully engrafted. The experiment is worth trying, 

 and, if successful, it would soon furnish us, at a 

 cheap rate, with a good supply of that excellent 

 nut, without waiting the more tardy prccess of 

 rearing the tree Mass. Spy. 



GRAFTING AND INOCULATION. 



It is .'lot unreasonable to suppose the iienefitsto 

 be deri' ed from engrafting and inoculation of fruit 

 trees, are far from being fidly realized. Aside 

 from the neglect of improving orchards, where 

 there is nothing to prevent but the disposition to 

 procrastinate ami delay — so prevalent with all — 

 we believe that the jirocess is of much more ex- 

 tensive application than is generally known, and 

 that it may be the means of introdiicin;,' the culti- 

 vation of fruits, now imported from abroad at a 

 great expense. It has been ascertained that 

 the shag-bark walnut may be successfully engraft- 

 ed, and that the engrafted trees are nuich the 

 surest bearers. Where this is not the case, the 

 difference in the quality of these nuts would make 

 it an object to engrat\ most of the walnut trees. 



From Ihe Delaware Advertiser. 



SILK CULTURE. 



Mr Editor — A few days since I had the pleas- 

 lue to see in the " New England Farmer," of Feb- 

 ruary 13, the piece taken from your paper, signed 

 " An Agriculturist," on the subject of the proper 

 temperature in which Silk Worms ought to be 

 opt, and on other subjects. This paper gave me 

 great satisfaction, because it will promote the 

 cause of the Silk culture, which I deem highly im- 

 portant to the fanners, and because the senti- 

 ments contained in it, agree with my own experi- 

 ence. 



The opinion of Mr Gideon Smith, of Baltimore, 

 noticed by the writer, that silk worms will thrive 

 in any temperature, even at that of 90°, will, I 

 fear, do mischief. My own experience is decided- 

 ly in favor of moderate temperature in all stages 

 of the worm ; and it agrees with that of others, 

 who have attended to them upon a large scale. — 

 Even when the worms are hatching, the heat of 

 the apartment in which they are kept, ought not 

 to exceed 81°, and should commence at 64° and 

 be gradually increased. The reasons for this r 

 given at length in the Silk Manual, published by 

 Congress. Cultivators of Silk Worms should be 

 persuaded to regidate the apartment by a ther- 

 mometer, one of which can be purchased in Phil- 

 adelphia, for $2,50, of Mr.M'Calister, in Chesnut 

 street, for without one, the regular growth of the 

 worms camiot be insured ; they will at one time 

 be checked by cold, and at another time unduly 

 stimulated by the heat of the atmosphere. 



I beg leave to call the attention of the public to 

 a pamphlet published by the Society in Philadel- 

 phia, for the promotion of the culture of silk. It 

 contains a summary of the whole business, as de- 

 tailed more at length, in the Silk Manual, and 

 should be in the possession of those who cannot 

 obtain the latter work, a large edition of which [ 

 was distributed among the members of Congress. \ 

 The panqihlet is for sale by Carey, Lea & Carey, 

 corner of Fourth and Chesnut streets, ])iice 12A 

 cents. 



A FRIEND TO THE f-TLK CULTURE, 



Philadelphia, March 9, 1829. 



From the Columbian Reporter. 



Some have a very thin shell, and a thick large 

 meat — while others h.ave a thick shell and but i ^^ '^^ Trustees of the Bristol County JlgricuUuraL 

 little meat. It is probable that the hickory or] Society. 



8hag-l)ark, would do well, engrafted on the pig- ! Gentlemen — As your meeting is for the pur- 

 nut. If it shouhl, the quantity raised might be j pose of offering premium^ to successful competi- 

 greatly increased, and the quality much improved, tors, a' our next annual exhibition, the subject on 



which I wish to address you will not be out of 

 place at this time. 



It is unnecessary to pain your feelings by a re- 

 currence to the deplorable state of our county in 

 an agricultural point of view ; and were it not for 

 the hope of better things, I certainly would not in- 

 trude on your patience at this time. 



I have so good an opinion of the citizens of 

 this county as to believe they are of the same 

 species as the citizens of other counties, therefore 



they are capable of improving in like manner. 



And that there is an incitement to that desirable 

 object no one will pretend to deny — on ttie con- 

 trary, perhaps there is no section of the State 

 where the labor and skill of the Husbandman and 

 Horticulturist would meet with greater encour- 

 agement. Our soil is not inferior — and is capable 

 of being made as productive, and in time would 

 wear as rich and beautiful a face as some of the 

 famed counties to the north of us. And need I 

 remind you that there is but one requisite needful 

 to that desirable object. And as we are able in 

 every requisite, save one, to rank with the first, I 

 look with confidence to your board to lend a hand 

 to supply that deficiency, which is information. — 

 On this alone, in my humble o|)inion, hangs the 

 fate of the Bristol County Agricultural Society^ 

 notwithstanding the denunciations against " your 

 book laming." There is no profession or calling, 

 under the canopy of Heaven, worthy the pursuit 

 of rational beings, that can be successfiilly pursued, 

 without the aid of books. For it is by repeated 

 experiments that we arrive to any degree of per- 

 fection in any art, and books are the medium of 

 such experiments. 



I do not mean to be understood that the County 

 of Bristol is in total darkness — I beheve there are 

 a few in every town, enough I am confident, to 

 prove to any unprejudiced mind, that the book 

 guides the plough ; and that knowledge is as ne- 

 cessary to the husbandman as manure is to the 

 soil. 



The premiums offered for October, 1828, 

 amoimted to $354, which sum, it is presumed, 

 was paid in money, to individuals in number 

 amounting to eighty-four. Would it not give aa 

 general satisfaction, and further the object of the 

 society, to award premiums, or a greater part of 

 them, in books and papers on agriculture, such as 

 the New England Farmer, some treatise on Gar- 

 dening, on Horticulture, on the Culture of Silk ; 

 the Culture of the Vine, &c. agreeable to the 

 choice of the successful competitor.' 



The knowledge necessary to meet the wishes ol 

 your board cannot be obtained without much read 

 ing and reflection. And books and papers on ag 

 riculture are as rare in the county as the bible is 

 among the heathen — therefore why should we not 

 in some measure learn wisdom from our zealous 

 neighbors of the Missionary School, and commence 

 the work of reform — throw light in their every 

 path, in shape of books and papers. They will 

 read if they have books, and by reading comes 

 wisdom, and its beautiful train of results. Could 

 this plan be adopted, would not the strong holds 

 of ignorance and prejudice be broken up, and a 

 new and propitious era begin in this dark benight- 

 ed county. 



The manufacturing interest, particularly cotton, 

 have not been slow in their advances to perfec 

 tinn-i-and how was this accomj,lishcd ? surely net 

 in the old and beaten path, despising and ridi 

 culing improvements as mischievous innovatioiie 



