Vol. VII.— No. 51. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



403 



every saccharine or sugary solution, which has 

 un(lerj,'one fermentation. Sugar, is, indeed, the 

 indispensable material out of which alcohol is 

 formed ; and it is melancholy to reflect on the 

 misapplication of art, in converting one of the 

 bleaching, cahc6 most pleasant, harmless, and nourishing substances 

 Fruit stains, cStc, : in nature, into a bewitching poison. 



The following table, compiled from Brande's 

 Blannal of Chemistry, shows the jiroportioii in 

 wliich alcohol exists in several different bever- 

 ages :— 



DISTILLED SPIRITS. 



54,32 parts by measure in 100. 

 53,90 do 



is that of destroying colors ; and so powerful is 

 this property, that one grain of the salt will desi- 

 !roy tlie coloring matter of two grains of the best 

 Spanisli indigo. 



Tlie use of this article for discharging colors is 

 very extensive, especially in 

 jirinting, paper making, &c. 

 may be removed from bleached goods, by di)iping 

 the stain in water, apjdying the salt until it is re- 

 moved, and rinsing well in cold water, before 

 washing. It must not be applied to colored 

 goods, as it would remove all the colors togeth- 



"•'• ^ I Scotch whiskey. 



Another ])roperty for which the chloride of lime ]y\sh do 



is now not less remarkable, is tliat of destroying Hmn 

 all offensive or infectious effluvia, arising from an- } Bi-andy 

 imal and vegetable decomposition, and, indeed,' (jji) 

 every unpleasant odor whatever. 



To prepare the salt for use, four ounces is dis- 

 solved in a pint of water, and the solution filtered, Port, 

 Put one part of the solution into forty parts of; Madeira, 

 water — stir the mixture, and it is then fit for Currant, 

 use. j Teneriffe, 



The effluvia from drains, sewers, and other re- i Slierry, 

 ceptacles of the same nature, will be destroyed, ' Lisbon, & Malaga, 18,94 

 by pouring into them a quart of the mixture added i Claret, 15,10 



Cliampaigne, 13,80 



Gooseberry, 11,84 



Elder, 8,79 



53,68 

 53,39 

 51,60 



do 

 do 

 do 



22,96 parts by measure in 100. 



22,27 



20,55 



19,79 - 



19,17 



to a pailful of water, and repeating the ojjeration 

 as often as occa.sion may require. Water in cis- 

 terns may be purified, aud all animalculoD destroy- 

 ed, by putting half a pint of the solution into about 

 120 gallons of the water. 



Tainted meats, and animal food of every kind, 

 may be rendered sweet, by sprinkling them with 



do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 



the" mixture. The odor of dead bodies Is effectually 1''''^']°" porter, 

 destroyed by the same means. By its aid, the 

 French surgeons have been enabled to examine 

 the bodies of jjcrsons supposed to have been pois- 

 oned, several months after interment. It also des- 

 troys entirely the smell of paints.* 



There are many manufactures, and those of 

 soap, candles, glue, size, leather, &c., that might 

 be deprived of all disagreeableness from offensive 

 smells, by the occasional use of a pot containing 

 the mixture. 



Finally, the chlorides have been found very 

 beneficial in medical and surgical practice, from 

 their power of arresting instantaneously, any ten- 

 dency to putrefaction, and of destroying the del- 

 eterious properties of putrescent matters. Hence 

 their application to carbuncle, ill conditioned ul- 

 cers, gangrenous sores, foul eruptions, open can- 

 cer, mortification, &c. Used as gargles or washes, 

 they destroy the foulness of the breath, from 

 whatever cause it may proceed — even that pro- 

 duced by mercurial salivation. For the latter pur- 

 poses, the chloride of soda is used by the French, 

 but the chloride of lime is said to answer equally 

 well. 



do 

 do 

 do 

 do 



do 

 do 



MALT HqUOR 



AlE, 6,87 



Brown stout, 6,80 



4,20 

 London small beer, 1,28 



CIDER. 



Highest average, 9,87 

 Lowest average, 5,21 



'From this table it appears, that in brandy, rum, 

 and whiskey, there is, by measure, more alcohol 

 than water ; that Madeira and Port wines contain 

 nearly half, strong cider about a fifth, and ale an 

 eighth, as much as they. Thus, a bottle of Ma- 

 deira has in it nearly a pint of proof spirit ; a 

 quart of strong cider more than six ounces ; and a 

 bottle of ale about four ounces. 



The chemists were surprised at the results of 

 Mr Brande's experiments. Nobody, till then, was 

 aware, that the various fermented liquors contain so 

 large a quantity of alcohol. Their intoxicating effects 

 are certainly not in jiroportion. This arises from 

 their other ingredients ; which give to all of them a 

 nourishing quality, and to each, effects more or 

 less pecuhar. Dr DRAKE. 



who is censured in conqjany, so far as truth and 

 propriety will allow. 



Never to think the worse of another on account 

 of his differing from me in political or religious 

 opinions. 



Never to dispute if I can avoid it. 



Not to dispute with a man more than seventy 

 years old ; nor with a woman ; nor with an enthu- 

 siast. 



Not to aflect to be witty, or to jest, so as to 

 wound the feelings of another. 



To say as little as possible of myself and those 

 who are near to me. 



To aim at cheerfulness without levity. 



Not to obtrude my advice unasked. 



Never to court the favor of the rich, by flatter- 

 ing either their vanity or their vices. 



To respect virtue, though clothed in rags. 



To speak with calmness and deliberation on all 

 occasions ; especially in circumstances which tend 

 to irritate. 



Frequently to review rfiy conduct, §a& note 

 failings. 



On all occasions to have in prospect the end of 

 life and a future state. 



Not to flatter myself that I can act up to these 

 rules, however honestly I may aim at it. 



Remedy against bad ivater. — A highly respecta- 

 ble gentleman in Connecticut, who used to visit 

 Ohio yearly, gave me the following prescription. 

 Being from early life a water drinker, he applied 

 to the late Dr Osborn, of Middletown, to give him 

 a substitute. The doctor told him to furnisli him- 

 self with a mixture, of equal proportions, of pul- 

 verised sugar and ginger, and whenever he drank 

 the bad water of the west, to put in as much of 

 the composition as suited his taste, and he need 

 never apprehend bad effects from a free use of 

 the water. 



He tried it a great number of years, and always 

 found it an eftectual preventive. At a time when 

 the ([uality of the water, in the lower part of the 

 city is made, by so many, an apology for the com- 

 mencement of insidious and dangerous habits of 

 mingling poison in their beverage, the adoption of 

 this simple and self-preventive cannot be too ear- 

 nestly recommended. — JVonistowii, (Pa.) Register. 



ALCOHOL. 



Alcohol, according to Saussure, is composed of 

 carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, in the following 

 proportions— C. 51.98, O. 34.42, H. 13.70=100. 

 Its specific gravity is 791, water being 1000 ; but 

 it can with difficulty be obtained so piu-e, and its 

 more common specific gravity is 820. It was 

 onco supposed that alcohol was formed in the 

 process of diitillation ; but Mr Brando has de- 

 monstrated that it is exclusively, the product of 

 fermentation ; and, therefore, that it exists in 



• Query. — Would not aparlmenis rendered disagreeable b 

 the neigliliorhood of vermin, be i-eadily purified, by sprinkling 

 witii Uie mixture ? 



Excellent Rules. — The following rules, from the 

 private papers of Dr West, were according to his 

 memorandum, thrown together as general way- 

 marks in the journey of life. They were advan- 

 tageous to him, and while they exhibit an honora- 

 ble testimony to his moral worth, may be useful 

 to others. 



Never to ridicule sacred things, or what others 

 may esteem such, however absurd they may ap- 

 pear to me. 



Never show levity where the people are pro- 

 fessedly engaged in worship. 



Never to resent a supposed injury, till I know 

 the Tiews and motives of the author of it — nor on 

 any occasion to retaliate. 



Never judge of a person's character by external 

 appearance. 



Always to take the part of an absent person 



To improve dried figs. — These fruits, when they 

 are brought to table, are commonly covered with 

 a scurf, composed of a mealy, sugary substance, 

 very disagreeable to the teeth. A correspondent 

 says that the way to get riil of the scurf, and ren- 

 der the figs as plump and clear skinned as when 

 they are newly gathered from the tree, is, first to 

 kee[> them in a cool and rather moist cellar for 

 twenty-four hours before using ; and, secondly, 

 just before presenting them at table, to ])ut them 

 into a receiver, and exhaust the air. After re- 

 maining there two minutes, they should be taken 

 out, and gently brushed, when they will be found 

 l)eifectly plump and clear skinned. — .V. Y. pa. 



Tooth Powder. — The following is given as the 

 correct mode of preparing the celebrated French 

 tooth powder, called Poudre Peruvienne : White 

 sugar 36 grains, cream of tartar 72, magnesia 72, 

 starch 72, mace 2, cinnamon 6, sulphate of qui- 

 nine (or quinia) 1, and carmine 5 grains. All 

 these substances are reduced into a fine powder, 

 and mixed together with great care ; then add 

 four drops of oil of roses, and as much oil of mint. 



Eve. Gaz. 



