78 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 5. 



A comparison of the tables which have to do with Bad. pullorvm with 

 those which have to do with Bad. sanguinarium shows that Bad. puUorum 

 is maltose-dextrine-dulcite negative, while Bad. sanguinarium is maltose- 

 dextrine-dulcite positive. All freshly isolated strains of Bad. pnllorum 

 (139 strains) have produced gas, while the five strains of Bad. sangui- 

 narium have never produced gas. Tiie 112 strains of Bad. pullorum 

 studied have been maltose-dextrine-dulcite negative. This agrees very 

 well with the work of Hadle}^ Thus far we have isolated but one organism 

 from chicks, showing typical symptoms of wliite diarrhoea, which did not 

 produce gas in dextrose. This particular strain was maltose-dextrine- 

 dulcite negative, and therefore would correspond to Bad. puUorum B or 

 the anaerogenic puUorum form. During the current year, 1920-21, several 

 anaerogenic forms have been isolated from adult hens, and they were 

 maltose-dextrine-dulcite negative, which in a 'w&y helps to substantiate 

 Hadley's claim that the Bad. puUorum infecting adult hens is maltose- 

 dextrine-dulcite negative, but anaerogenic. The number of cases thus 

 studied is meager, and future studies with more cases ought to give suffi- 

 cient data to establish this point. Since Hadley has been able to isolate 

 both aerogenic and anaerogenic forms of Bad. puUorum from the eggs of 

 fowls experiencing infections with the maltose-dextrine-dulcite anaerogenic 

 strains, and since the maltose-dextrine-dulcite negative strains isolated 

 by him from chicks have been aerogenic, while all the maltose-dextrine- 

 dulcite negative strains isolated from infections in adult birds have been 

 anaerogenic, the duality of the Bad. puUorum type appears to be justified. 

 The work presented in this paper substantiates Hadley's results. Besides, 

 the gas production is of great value as a differential characteristic. There- 

 fore it is essential in making a differential bacterial diagnosis for Bad. 

 puUorum to note its special morphological characteristics; to ascertain 

 its fermentation activities in maltose, dextrine and dulcite, and its aero- 

 genicity. Doubtful cultures of Bad. puUorum should be submitted to the 

 above biochemical tests before a differential diagnosis is justified. As a 

 routine in this department, all doubtful cultures are tested for aerogenicity 

 in dextrose, and for acidity in maltose; methyl red being used as an 

 indicator for the increased acid production. The data at hand indicate 

 that there are maltose-dextrine-dulcite negative strains which do not pro- 

 duce gas in dextrose, and these, whether found only in adult birds or not, 

 should be classed as the Bad. puUorum B, different from the one so gen- 

 erally isolated from chicks, which is maltose-dextrine-dulcite negative, 

 but produces gas in dextrose. 



The fowl typhoid (Bad. sanguinarium) is characterized, aside from its 

 specific morphology, as an anaerogenic non-motile bacillus. It does not 

 form indol, nor reduce nitrates. It forms H2S in lead acetate media. It 

 is a maltose-dextrine-dulcite positive organism. 



