18 



THE FARMERS' REGISTER. 



manufacture in ihis country by four years' expe- 

 rience and observation, under the most favorable 

 circumstances. His work is, iherefore, full of facts 

 of great interest, and whicli it is important for ilie 

 manufacturers of tills country to know. The 

 article in the Monthly Chronicle, to which we 

 refer, gives an analysis of the more imi)ortant 

 facts, with tables abridged from the work, giving 

 the comparative prices ol'each description of ma- 

 chinery, and each branch of labor. It is too long 

 for publication in a newspaper, but we here give 

 the general recapitulation of the estimates there 

 presented, showing the cost and produce of an 

 American and an English cotton mill of the de- 

 ecription there given, with the general remarks ol' 

 the Chronicle, which we recommend to the atten- 

 tion of those who are interested in this subject. 



Recapiiulalion. 



EXPENSES OF OUTFIT. 



In America. Gr. Brit. 

 Cost of buddings, &c. - - $44,000 $11,904 00 

 Machinery in preparation de- 



14,401 60 



8,920 32 

 8,227 20 



Total 



$1,954 45 $1,123 62 



PRODUCE PER FORTNIGHT. 



Throstle warp spinning, spin- 

 dies, [Am. 18's; Br. 16's 



yarn,] . - . - 



Speed . . - - 



Pounds produced 



Hanks do - - - 

 Do per spindle - 

 Weft, No. 18, spindles [Am. 



throstle ; Br. mule,] 



Speed . - - . 



Pounds produced 



Hanks do 

 Do per spindle - 

 Pieces* of cloth woven from 



128 looms, ... 

 Yards woven ... 

 Speed of looms per minute 

 Effective shots obtained 



From the foregoing estimates, is deduced the 

 comparative cost of manufacture in the two 

 countries. The expenses of a fortnight's opera- 

 tion in the American Mill, ^1954 45, divided by 

 the number of yards produced, gives the cost of 

 a yard 3 4-5 cts. The expense of the British mill 

 for the same period SJ133 62 cts., divided by 

 35,200 yards, gives a cost of 3 1-5 cents per yard. 

 The dlHerence of cost 3-5 of a cent is eijual to an 

 excess of 19 per cent, in the cost of the American 

 manufacture over the British, the former, though 



* The American pieces of 2,400 threads, a three- 

 leafed tweel, 18's warp, 30 inches broad, 30 yards 

 long, weighing 10 lbs. ; the British, a shirting 2,000 

 threads, 16's warp, 18's weft, 35 inches broad,' 25 

 yards long, weighed 8J lbs. 



narrower, being the heaviest cloth, and containing 

 the most threads. 



To this is adiled an estimate of the comparative 

 cost of the raw material to the British and Ame- 

 rican manufacturer. The charges to the British 

 manufacturer, on the import of cotton from an 

 American southern port, for shipment, freight, 

 insurance, importer's profit, duty and inland car- 

 riage, are estimated at 27 1-2 per cent., which 

 supposing the cost of the cotton at the place of 

 shipment to be 7d. or 14 cenis, and supposing 

 2-5 of a pound of cotton to be required lor a yard 

 of cloth, makes the oriirinal cost of cotton 5 1-2 

 cents, and the cost in England 7 cents for each 

 yard of cloth. The charges (o the American 

 manufacturer, are estimated at 11 percent, on the 

 cost of cotton at the ex; orting market, or 6 1 5 

 cts. at the mill for the quantity required for a yard 

 of cloth. The American manufacturer, therefore, 

 has the advantage of 4-5 of a cent per yard in the 

 cost of the raw material, while the English ma- 

 nufiicturer, has the advantage of 3 5 of a cent in 

 the cost of manufacture ; making the advantage 

 in the assregate in favor of the American manu- 

 facture 15 of a cent, per yard, or 1 35 or 3 per 

 cent, nearly in the whole cost. 



From other modes of calculation, it will be 

 apparent that in the cost of cotton, the American 

 manufacturer has the advantage of about half 

 a cent a pound in the freight from the place of 

 production, as much more in being free from 

 import duty, and probably another half cent in the 

 difference of other charges. This makes a great 

 ditt'erence in his favor. 



In reference to the comparative expense of the 

 cotton manufacturers, in Great Britain and this 

 country, the author remarks as follows : 



'• That the general rate of wages is higher in 

 the United States than in Britain is admitted, par- 

 ticularly the wages of females employed in the 

 factories. The greater [.art of these are farmers' 

 daughters, who go into the factories only for a 

 short time, until they make a little money, and 

 then " clear ou'," as it is called : so that there is 

 a continual changing amongst them, and in all 

 the places I have visited, they are generally 

 scarce ; on that account the manufacturers are 

 under the necessity of paying high wages, as an 

 inducement for girls to prefer working in the fac- 

 tories to house-work ; and while this state of 

 things continues, it is not to be expected that 

 wages in this country will be so low as in Great 

 Britain; and although they iiave undergone a 

 considerable reduction during the late depression 

 still they are hiizher than in any part of Britain." 



" Throstle spinning is nearly as cheap in this 

 country as in Britian, in consequence of the 

 higher speed at which the spinning frames are 

 driven and the greater quantity of work produced 

 in a given lime. But the price of carding is fully 

 double that paid in Britian, because here, men 

 are generally employed to attend the cards, 

 spreading, scatching machines, &c., while the 

 same work is done by boys and girls in Britain. 

 The lowest wages paid to any girl in the card 

 room, that I am aware of, is one dollar per week 

 and her board ; and taking her board at the lowest 

 rate, viz : one dollar and twenty cents per week, 

 her wages in all will amount to two dollars twenty 

 cents, equal to 10s. sterling per week. The ave- 

 rage rate of wages for girls in the card room, may 



