THE FARMERS' REGISTER. 



17 



Progress of the whole population. 



Year. 

 1790. 

 ISOO. 

 ISIO. 

 1S20. 

 1830. 



Number. 

 3,929.827 

 5.30.5,925 

 7.239.814 

 9,038.131 

 12,n06.920 



Increase. 



1.376,098or 35.1 percent. 

 1,933.889 " 36.3 " 

 2.398.317 " 33.1 " 

 3,228,789 " 33.5 " 



lS40.abt. 10,900,843 4,033,923 " 31.4 " 



By nn examination of these tables it will be 

 seen that ilie while population has increased in a 

 very unilbrm ratio (rom 1790 to I lie present time ; 

 the increase in no decade being less than 34 per 

 cent, nor more than 36.1 per cent. The ra- 

 tio of increa.--e among tiie free colored people has 

 been very fluctuaiing; but taking the colored 

 population en masse, slaves and Iree, the fluc- 

 tuation has been moderate down to 1830, and the 

 average ratio of increase nearly as great as 

 onions ihe whites. But lor som.e reason or other, 

 (P'Thaps the abolitionisis can explain it,) the ratio 

 ol' increase lor the last ten years, has been great- 

 ly reduced, among both free ncL'roes and slaves. 

 A few have gone to Texas and Canada, perhaps 

 30.000 in all, but this affords a very imperfect ex- 

 filanaiion of the phenomencn. 



CAUSES OF BAD CfRRENCY. 



From tlie Journal of Commerce. 



It will turn out when ll)e truili is known, that 

 more money has been lost by banks within the 

 last ten years,_than the whole country would have 

 sold for when our fathers fought the battles of in- 

 dependence ; 3'et the fault is not in the banks, nor 

 their directors. The wide spread ruin shows that 

 the evil is not local nor particular, but universal. 

 It is in the system. We have waged a Great bat- 

 tle wiih the laws of trade, and we have been severe- 

 ly flogeed lor our folly. 



All that is necessary is, that we should be con- 

 vinced of our folly and leave currency to itsell^ 

 It is the easiest thing to manage in all the deparl- 

 mentsof business. Ilcongress will but make a bank-: 

 rupt law, which shall compel all banks and all 

 men to pay their debts or divide their effects, and 

 then if congress and the stale legislatures will 

 just let the whole matter alone, there will grow 

 up of itself the bet currency in the world. What 

 we want is, to get rid of a sijsiem and of regula- 

 tion, so that every man shall act for himself and 

 act i'reely. Then, whatever is wanted will be pro- 

 vided. If we want paper money accredited in all 

 parts of the country, we shall liave it. Tiien, if 

 a banker fails, he will fall out of the ranks. Our 

 euspeneions grow out of the fact that our currency 

 is managed by a great system. If one important 

 wheel breaks, the whole system stops. Let cur- 

 rency become an individual matter, like other 

 branches of business, and suspensions loould be 

 impossible. When we become wise enough to 

 leave currency to take care of itselt; after congress 

 has discharged its constitutional (lu'y of coining 

 money and fixing t[ie value thereof, then we 

 eball have the safest and steadiest and every way 

 the best currency, which the imperfect state of 

 this world will admit. 



From the Journiil of the English Agricultural Society. 

 AN ESSAY 



On making compost heaps from liquids and other sub- 

 stances ; written on tfie evidence of many years' 

 experience. To which the prize of ten soverei<^iis 

 was awarded. By James Dixon, Es(j , Secretary to 

 the Mancliester Agricultural Society. 



The force and power of an agricijlturist to pro- 

 duce good crops mainly depend on the manures 

 he can command ; and how to derive the greatest 

 possible benefits from liis immediate resource.? 

 is oneo! the most usel'ul subjects that can engage 

 his atteniion. The English Agricultural Society 

 having offered a premium for the best mode of 

 making compost lieaps, 1 venture to forward the 

 committee my ideas on this most important branch 

 ol' rural management ; and in doing this I shall 

 state the course I have pursued in this particular 

 for many years, and in wliieh every adilitional 

 experience inclines me not to make any systematic 

 alteration. 



My firm is a strong, retentive soil, on a substra- 

 tum of ferruginous clay; and being many times 

 disappointed in what 1 considered reasonable anti- 

 cipations of good crops, I determined on a new 

 system of manuring. Though quite satisfied of 

 the expense which would necessarily be incurred 

 by my plan, I s'ill deiermiiied on its adopiion. 

 At ihe onset I effectually drained a considerable 

 part of my farm. JMy next object was how to 

 improve its texture at the least cost — (perhaps I 

 may be allowed to slate that my holding has al- 

 ways been at rack-rent) ; for this purpose we 

 carted great quaniiiies of fine sawdust and peat 

 earth or bog; we had solar to go /or the latter 

 that two horses would letch little more than three 

 tons in one day — one horse would fetch three cart- 

 loads of sawdust in the same time. Having 

 brought great quantities of both peat and saw- 

 dust into my firm yard, I laid out lor the bottom 

 of a compost heap a space of considerable dimen- 

 sions, and about three feetindepih: three fourths 

 of this bottom was peat, the rest sawdust; on 

 this we conveyed daily the dung from the cattle^ 

 sheds, the urine also is conducted through chan- 

 nels to wells lor its reception, — one on each side of 

 the compost heap ; — common water is entirely 

 prevented from mixing with it. Every second 

 day the urine so collected is thrown over the 

 whole mass with a scoop, and at the same time 

 we regulate the accumulated dung. This being 

 continued for a week, another layer, nine inches 

 or a foot thick, of peat and sawdust (and frequent- 

 ly peat without sawdust) is wheeled on tlie accu- 

 mulated heap. These matters are continuously 

 added to each other during winter, and in addition 

 once in every week never less than 25 cwt., more 

 frequently 50 cwt., of night-soil and urine ; the 

 latter are aUvays laid next above the peat or bog 

 earth, as we think it accelerates their decomposi- 

 tion. It is perhaps proper here to state that the 

 peat is dug and exposed to the alternations of the 

 weather for several months before it is brought to 

 the heap for admixture; by ihis it loses mucti of 

 iis moisture. In some cases, peat conta'ns acid or 

 astringent matters, which are injurious to useful 

 vegetation. On this I have not tried any decided 

 experiment, but am led to tlie supposition by fre- 



