tHE FARMERS' REGISTER. 



233 



planted at the required distance, a loot for instance 

 Irom eacli oiher, those we may su|)|)ose to slope 

 to the nortli ; ih^ oilier &ei, lor exani|)le, are 

 planted slupiiii; lowarils the south, at the .•^anie 

 distance Irom ihe oilier, so that when ihe shoots 

 |iioceed liom the yroiiud, they are in contact by 

 their internal p.ui. 



The several stenjs having heen thus arranired, 

 the next and most iniporiant step is that ofcaus- 

 iiiij them to unite ; this ol course is reciu'site in 

 order to produce strenirtli, and is afcoaiplished 

 by the process of 'grafting bij approach, or, what 

 is the same thing, that oi' inarchiiig. For this 

 purpose it is necessary to remove a small plate ol 

 hark at the proper season, on each stem where 

 their inner portions are in contact ; this havinir 

 been carefully performed, apjiroximate the two 

 stems, so that the denuded poriions of each shall 

 exactly meet ; tie the stems loj^ether at these 

 places, and keej) them for a short time Irom the 

 action of the atmosphere by means of a piece of 

 clay. In the course of a lew week?, if these 

 precautions have been attended to, adhesion takes 

 pidce, and the result is, that a natural living lence 

 has been formed, havinif openinixs of a diamond 

 shape, which may be made of course of any size 

 that may be required ; it being only requisite to 

 place the stems in the earth at a greater or less 

 distance (ium each other. 



The adhesion lakes place in thelbllovving man- 

 ner according to the laws of vegetable physiology. 

 The plates of bark being removed on each stem, 

 and the stems approximated to each other at that 

 part, it Ibllows thai as the Holds raise in the stems 

 of exogenous (outgrowing) trees, within the 

 wood portion of the trunk and descend within the 

 bark — that the stems being closely tied to each 

 other, and kept at their point of union Irom the 

 action of the air, the cambium {proper or elabo- 

 rate juice) exudes, tljrms new wood, and the 

 stems unite by the natural proces^'. 



The advantages which Mr. Cooper considers 

 this kind of lencing to possess over that in ordi- 

 nary use, are the following : — 



1st. Tiiat it is rustic, and has not the hard and 

 elirt' appearance of tlie lencing made by carpen- 

 ters, 



2d. That so long ae the trees of which it is 

 formed are alive, it never requires to be in any vv.ay 

 repaired, as living wood resists the action of the 

 weather. The young shoois, should any spring 

 fonh, are to be removed by the pruning knile. 



3d. That it may be carried to any height with- 

 out additional expense, by training or running up 

 the stems to the required height. 



4ih. That it acquires strength and thickness by 

 the deposition of new wood annually ; so that in 

 ihe course of years, when the stems have ac- 

 quired the greatest degree of thickness, and have 

 obliterated the openings, in the first instance made, 

 a complete solid living wall will be the result. 



5th. That owing to the welL-known durability 

 and power of resisting the action ol the weather 

 on the bark, and external portions of living trees, 

 a lence made on this plan does not require to be 

 covered with tar, or any other preparations, 

 requiring much lirne, labor, expense, and annoy- 

 ance in the operation. 



6th. That the first expense is the last, and is 

 much cheaper also, in the first instance, than the 

 ordinary kind of fencing employed, not requiring 

 Vol. 1X.-15-D 



an aimual expenditure to keep it in order; living 

 wood, as belore observed, withstanding the effecla 

 (if the weather to a much greater extent thaa 

 dead wood. 



7ih. That a fence to orchards may be formed 

 ol fruit trees of the same genus, or in the same 

 natural liimi'y ; the lower poriions or stem of 

 which Ibrm Ihe fence, (and may be carried, as 

 belore observed, to the requisite height), whilst 

 the upper part may be allowed to send forth ila 

 shoois and bear Iruit. 



yth. That owing to the open nature of this kind 

 of lence (which openings may be Ibrmed of any 

 size), shrubs and other [daiiis usually planted 

 close up to lencework, for the purpose of conceal- 

 ing it, will receive a larger proportion of air and 

 liijht, so necessary to the growth of vegetables, 

 which cannot be the case with the ordinary 

 method of enclosing parks, &c., with palings. 



9th. That should one of the bars by any cause 

 become dead or destroyed, the circulation ia 

 carried on by the continuous bat or stems ; so that 

 if a bar dies it still remains in its situation, 

 although it does not increase in thickness as takes 

 place in ihose around it ; this <Jead bar may then 

 be compared as to durability, to the fencing until 

 the present time formed of dead wood. From the 

 well-known nature and structure of wood, I con- 

 folder the application of the process of grafting by 

 approach , or inarching, in the construction of lences 

 of all descriptions, to be one ol the leading im- 

 provements of late years made in the science of 

 gardening : and as such should strongly recom- 

 mend its adoption to those individuals possessing 

 landed properly, and also to the directors of rail- 

 roads and other undertakings, where boih maa 

 and cattle are intended to be kept off, and wTiich 

 might more efiiiclually be accomi)lished by the 

 judicious selection of stems armed with prickles, 

 &c. 



COMMENTS OX THE ARTICLES OF THE EDI- 

 TOR ON THE EFFECTS OF GREEN-SAIVD AS 

 MANURE,* [at pp. 679, 690, VOL. VIII., ANL» 

 P. 118, VOL. IX.] 



To ttie Editor of the Farmers' Register. 



Your last number of the Register, has*' played 

 the wild" with us Pamuiikey farmers, op rather 

 would-be fiirmers. Some short time since, you 

 analyzed ^11 of our marls, and told us they con- 

 tained no lime, or so little as almost to be useless. 



•With this communication, there was received a 

 box of specimens of green sand marl, sent at our re- 

 quest, by Dr. Braxton, in consequence of the very 

 strange result of the analysis of the ^specimen of 

 marl, supposed to be that which he used (from G. W. 

 Bassett'sland,) and which we found to contain but 11 

 per cent, of carbonate of lime. This result was re- 

 ported, (at pages 683, 689, vol. 8.) with Dr> Braxton's 

 answers to our queries; but at the same time, we 

 intimated the strong suspicion that a wrong specimen 

 had been sent us by mistake. We therefore asked 

 for more specimens, and also, that Dr. Braxton would 

 himself analyze the marl in regard to which a mistake 

 was suspected. He has complied with both requests,. 



