634 



THE FARMERS' REGISTER. 



vej^etable, and animal matter, and ihe ship's bot- 

 tom was in consequence (buIeJ, as it is termed. 

 The remedy for this, he said, was moat simple. 

 Let the protectors be so arranijed iliat contact may 

 be broken and renewed at will. The zincs and 

 copper separated lor a short time, the earthy de- 

 posites would soon be removed. In consequence of 

 Mr. Daniell's report to the xldmiralty, clilorine has 

 been lurnished the Niger Expedition, and no ship 

 hereafter will proceed to the Al'rican siaiion with- 

 out that purifier in store, nor without ziiict- protec- 

 tors lor her copper. It is to be hoped that all ship- 

 owners will lollow the example of the Admi- 

 ralty Board in this respect. — Literary Gazelle, 

 No. 1272. 



EXTRACTS FROM GEN. EMORY S ADDRESS 

 BEFORE THE MARYLAND STATE AGRICU L- 

 TURAL, SOCIETY. 



You will see to-day, gentlemen, a great display 

 of fine stock ; perhaps many if not all the favou- 

 rite varieties now so highly esteemed in Europe 

 and this country. Of the horse, which justly 

 stands at its head, as the noblest and most gene- 

 rous of the quadruped creation, you will see seve- 

 ral varieties from the high bred racer, which im- 

 parts in all his crosses spirit, activity, power and 

 endurance, down to the nimble and sure-footed 

 Canadian — crosses between the two varieties will 

 give you (always excepting the thorough-bred) 

 perhaps the quickest, the hardiest, the most tracta- 

 ble and best horses for light draft, or for the saddle, I 

 to be obtained Irom any other source. 



You will see the noble and beautifully formed 

 Durham short horned cattle, bred in England by 

 judicious and scientific farmers from the Teeswater 

 and the Holderness varieties, through so long a 

 period that they liave acquired much ol the fixed 

 characteristics of a native or original breed. For 

 great size, and beauty in the eye of the butcher, 

 so keen to detect the value of neat bceli with little 

 ofTal, and for the quantity of milk they give, they 

 stand unrivalled. There is a prejudice against 

 these cattle among some who do not consider the 

 necessary relation which exists between the size 

 of an animal and the quantity of food which is re- 

 quired for his subsistence — between the waste Crom 

 a very great secretion of milk and the necessity 

 which exists of regularly and abundantly repairing 

 this waste by nutritious food. These cattle re- 

 quire generous treatment in the pasture and in the 

 stablBj and withthis, they&hine pre-eminent above 

 ail others. In my opinion it is a great mistake to 

 suppose them more tender than other breeds of 

 cattle ; with plenty of rough provender regularly 

 supplied, they are able to rough it in inclement 

 weather, with any other race with which I am 

 acquainted. 



The Ayrshire cattle are regarded by some as an 

 original race, but the best information leads us to 

 believe they derive their lineage from much the 

 same source as the Durhams — these they resem- 

 ble much in color, form and qualities, and their 

 diminutive size may very probably be the result 

 of a more rigorous climate and a more scanty sup- 

 ply of food. 



Of the Herefords, very few have been intro- 

 duced into this country, and 1 shall ihereliere pass 



them by and proceed to the consideration of the 

 North Devonshire caWle, as the race which in 

 many parts of Eiicland and this couniry are re- 

 garded as the rivals in exce'lrnce of liic short 

 horns. ']"lie Devon?, as they are calleci, ate neat, 

 well lormi'd animals of a beautiful tnahogany red 

 colour, without any while; they are muscular and 

 strong and of about two thirds the size olllie short 

 horns. Like the latter they are proverbial both 

 for their early maturity and aptitude to take on lat, 

 and t^ese high qualities alone are sufficient to in- 

 duce any respectable breeder of cattle to incur the 

 expense of acquiring the one or the other race. 

 Tfie gain from these advantages in a series of 

 years is very great indeed, and the society will he 

 surprised to know that at least three-fourths of the 

 improved cattle of England go into the hands of 

 the butcher belbre they are three years old. The 

 Devons are not as deep milkers as the short home, 

 but their milk is considered to be of richer quality 

 than what is taken from any other cattle except 

 the Alderneys, a race, inferior (brail other pur- 

 poses except as milch cows. When the union of 

 the three qualities for nrilk, beef and work, are 

 desired in ihe same breed of' animals, none is su- 

 perior to the Devons, and none other will bear 

 even a comparison with them, except the Here- 

 fords. Beiwepn the short horns and the Devons I 

 am at this time making a course of experiments 

 and observation on my own lands, with the view 

 of ascertainincr which ofthe two, under all circum- 

 stances, are the most suitable for the section ofthe 

 country where I reside, which 1 hope may not 

 only be useful to myself but to others. 



Fine woolled sheep are unfortunately not now 

 in re()uest in the country, although lew things, at a 

 lair price for wool, v/ill afiord a more profitable 

 return for the capital employed and the current 

 nec^essary expenses, tiian fine woolled sheep. We 

 all recollect how profitable Merino sheep were for 

 a short time (or their wool, and how suddenly they 

 fell to be wonh scarcely any thinir. If there is-a 

 areat fault in the management of our people, it is, 

 that as soon as it is ascertained that any thing is 

 profitable, every one is disposed to go into it, and 

 it is soon run to death. If there is a grievous 

 fault in our political system, it is the uncertainty 

 and the unsteadiness of our laws. The law to- 

 day may justify a man in embarkinij his whole 

 means in a particular pursuit, and a change of the 

 law to-morrow, may leave him ruined and a beggar. 

 These instances are unfortunate exceptions in 

 our system to the general rule of wisdom and 

 prosperity. 



Fine woolled sheep beint? now out of the ques- 

 tion, I will confine my remarks to the South 

 Down, and New Leicester sheep, now the favo- 

 rites of the day. Having myself the three races, 

 including Saxonies, in great purity and carefully 

 kept separate and bred in distinct fiocks, what I 

 shall say of them is the result of my own observa- 

 tions corroboratory of those of others. 



The South Down sheep are beautifully formed, 

 hardy, strong and active ; the wethers when well 

 raised averaging, at three years old on grass, over 

 a hundred pounds in the carcass — having flesh of 

 great juiciness and delicacy, and the fat well mar- 

 bled through. No mutton is superior to it — none 

 other perhaps is its equal when quantity as well 

 as quality is taken into the account. The wool ia 

 short and fine, too fine and light to be as valuable 



