VOI^. \l\. NO. 9. 



AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 



6T 



now TO STOP BLEEDING. 



Having noticed several cases of death resultinjf 

 from loss of bhjod, I have been induced to offer a 

 few simple directions which will enable any one to 

 understand the nature of the danger and how to ap- 

 ply the remedy. Either an artery or vein may be 

 wounded. The arteries carry the blood from the 

 heart towards the extremitiet;, and the veins return it 

 towards the heart. The blood when an artery is injur- 

 ed flows in jets, not in a continuous stream, and is 

 of a bright florid hue: from a vein it flows with 

 a uniform stream, and is of a dark red color. Bleed- 

 ing from an artery is nmch the more dangerous. 



The vessels of the thigh, leg and foot are the 

 more liable to be wounded by various accidents ; 

 such for example, as that of the late Mr Knicke- 

 backcr, who was cut with a scythe and died in half 

 an hour: the artery of the thigh is often wounded 

 by the falling of a p;iir of scissors or of a hmfe, in 

 clapping the knees together to catch them. I have 

 known a boy stab another with a penknife so as to 

 open an artery. A celebrated surgeon tells us he 

 has known a fine young fellow lose his life from 

 the alarm of the attendants and confusion of the 

 surgeon. "He was a tall stout young man, who 

 was sitting at table with his companions eating 

 bread and cheese, taking his glass and telling his 

 tale. He had in his hand a sharp pointed table 

 knife, which he happened to hold dagger-wise in 

 his hand, and in the height of some assertion he 

 meant to strike the table, but the point missed and 

 slanted over the table: he had stabbed himself in 

 his leinoral artery, and with one gush of blood he 

 fell. When I came I found the young man stretch- 

 ed out upon the floor ; he was just uttering his last 

 groan; the floor was deluged with blood. The 

 wound was covered with a confused bundle of 

 clothes, which I instantly whirled off; and the by- 

 standers had the unhappiness to see that the hole 

 was no bigger than what I could close with my 

 thimib, and which, had it not been shut and com- 

 pressed, would have healed in three days, allowing 

 time for a deliberate operation." 



When arterial blood is seen to gush from a wound, 

 let the bystander reflect that the blood is passing 

 from the body into the limb. The member having 

 been e.\posed as quickly as possible, let him take a 

 pocket handkerchief and tie it loosely, but with a 

 tight knot, around the limb, above the wound ; then 

 introduce a stick or the handle of a penknife, which 

 will answer perfectly well, and twist it round sev- 

 eral times, till the limb is firmly compressed by 

 the handkerchief, and the blood ceases to flow. In- 

 deed the wounded person might do it himself un- 

 less the Ideeding was very profuse so as to cause 

 his fainting at once. After the bleeding is stop- 

 ped, the handkerchief may be somewhat relaxed, but 

 still continued around the limb until a surgeon can 

 be called to secure the vessel. In case of a wound 

 of a vein, there is much less danger, and moderate 

 compression bcluw the wound will retain the blood. 

 When apersi.n is suddenly attacked with bleeding 

 from the lungs, nothing is so effectual as the use of 

 a nutmeg grated or cut with a knife and adminis- 

 tered in a little water or other liquid which may 

 be at hand. I have repeatedly employed it before 

 any other remedy could be procured, and with suc- 

 cess JV. Y. Eve. Si<;nal. 



PROPER AGE or SHEEP FOR MUTTON. ;tlie pigs constantly grazed, to be much more pro- 



In England, where mutton forms such an ijssen- 

 tial part of the food of all classes, great attention 

 has been paid, not only to producing the greatest 

 quantity, but the best quality of mutton. .^fter 

 years of trials and experiments, it seems now to be 

 generally conceded by the writers of the country, 

 that sheep of great size and quick growth, such as 

 the Eeicesters, will not give as fine mutton as 

 smaller sheep, and thosr longer in coming to ma 



ductive, and yielding finer fruit tlian those orchards 

 where the grass was mown, or even those where 

 the soil was tilled, and al.-^o supposed to be less 

 j subject to blight. For this purpose, moveable 

 styes are jilaced on wheels in the pens. The ma- 

 nure is powerful, and rendered more or less so ac- 

 cording to the nature of the food made use of. — 

 1 his method is generally practised in the winter 

 season, and its effects are conspicucms in the sprin", 

 turity. In other words, the profit is on the side'of ''"■" "'^ '''"^ generally present a vi^jorous aiTd 

 the large sheep: the plo.isures of eatino- are wit!, '"''''"'>' "PP^'^^ic^ and its ellect on the soil is 

 the smaller, such as the South Down. A writer in \ ''^''^''^ P"" crful. In fact it may be rendered too 

 a late volume on British Husbandry says- j P"»'Prful f'"- t'le trees. It is best used with mode- 



" A sheep, to be in high order for the palate of """"' ""'' <«:<=asionally repeated; but, after all, 

 an epicure, should not be killed earlier than when "® ^^'^'^^^ ^'^ "°^ ^" unilorm and lasting as in those 

 [Ave years old; at which arre the mutton, will i,^. °'<^^^-^'^<i^ '"^^c'^'^' ^^ bt-iore obser^,■c<i, ssvme cousltinl- 

 : fouud firm and succulent, of'a dark color, and full '>' ^'""^^ ''"'^ "° ied.— English pap. 

 \ of tlie richest gravy ; whereas if only two years old, ~~ 



! it is flabby, pale and savorless. The graziers, in- i THE FLOUR TRADE. 



j deed, do not admit this ; and we constantly read | There is truth in the following article from the 

 I flaming accounts in the reports of the shows of ; New V'ork Star. It has too often been a serious 

 'stock exhibited in various parts of the kingdom, of error among dealers and speculators in flour, when 

 j pens of wethers fattened to an enormous size in ' a- demand has arisen from England, to run up pri- 

 I extraordinary short periods of time ; but if any one ; ces so as to exceed the limits of the English or- 

 chooses to ascertain the difference in quality, let j Jers, and thus prevent the sale of thousands of bar- 

 liim cause an equal weight of one of these young ; ''els for tliat market. Long experience has shown 

 Leice.sters and a five year old South Down, to be i that speculations based on the chances of the har- 

 stewed, down into broth, and he will find that of the j vests in England, have, with but very few excep- 

 former to be little better than greasy water, while ' lions, resulted in losses to the American shipper, 

 the latter, besidc^s its superior degree of nutriment, j 'i'he true policy in this country is to be a seller to 

 possesses all the flavor uf full grown meat." 1 the English, whenever they want breadstuffs and 



Among the amateur mutton eaters, wether mut- I "'e have them to spare, as is the case now. — Bol- 

 ton is always considered preferable to that of the ! timore American. 

 ewe, unless the latter has been spayed, in which 



I Good Taste. — The Countess of Huddington, in 

 1705, sold her jewels to jiurchasc ornamental trees 

 for her estates. 



case, when kept to five years old and well flitted, 

 she is considered by connoisseurs, superior as mut- 

 ton to any thing else. Youatt, in his work on 

 slieep, says : 



'■The Leicesters will yield more meat, with the 

 same quantity of food, than ai>y other sheep can 

 do ; but when fed too high, as is sometimes the 

 case, so much fat is put on that the muscles or 

 lean seems all absorbed, and the carcass has the 

 appearance and taste of a mass of luscious fat." 



The propensity to fatten, or to come to early tna- 

 turity in some of the improved animals, is a source' 

 of great profit to the breeder ; but the consequence 

 to the consumer is, that for mutton ho gets neither 

 lamb nor mutton ; and when steers of eighteen or 

 twenty months old are converted into beef cattle, 

 so fur as weight is concerned, the meat, it is clear, 

 is neither veal nor beef, but a compound of both, 

 and not equal to either. As a general rule, it may 

 be remarked, that all animals should be killed while 

 the flesh is m the white state of the young animal, 

 or when it has readied the firm red fibre of matu- 

 rity — a result which a forced growth and fattening 

 does not seem to hasten in the least — Genesee Far. 



PIG MANURE FOR FRUIT TREES. 



Sir — I noticed in your last number a paragraph 

 giving an account of a new mode to promote the 

 growth of trees, now in operation at Welbeck, an 

 estate of the Duke of Portland, by confining pigs 

 in pens under them. 



As far as I know, its use may be new as reo-ards 

 forest trees, but I have known this method in use 

 above thirty years in Kent, to promote the growth 



of the apple tree and render it more productive. 



The method originated in consequence of observ- 

 ing those orchards adjoining the farm-steads where 



Wheat Flour Farmers. — There is a most as- 

 tonishing infatuation among the dealers and grow- 

 ers of this essential staff of life, to bring up the pri- 

 ces always beyond Jive dollars a barrel, and thus 

 unintentionally stop the sale for exportation to Eng- 

 land. 



We have warned our friends, raising and deal- 

 ing in this article, that there are millions of bush- 

 els and barrels on the continent of Europe, always 

 ready for sale to English agents, whenever they 

 can afford to pay $5 ; and these depots of conti- 

 nental grain are so much nearer at hand than ours, 

 that it procures, even at the same price, the prefis- 

 rence, except as to age. 



Th« Falls of the two last seasons would have 

 carried ofl' five millions of barrels to England in 

 wheat: and flour, and brought twentyfive millions of 

 dollars to our country, but for the prices being be- 

 yond the limit, at which we repeatedly hinted ; and 

 thus five milioni of British sovereigns found their 

 way to the pockets of the European farmers, and 

 left us with our staple on liand to become stale, 

 and finally be offered for sale in small lots at a de- 

 preciation. 



To make Vinegar. — A fig would we give for all 

 the slops called ' vinegar,' made in grocery and con- 

 fectionary shops, from the rinsings of grog glasses 

 and tea pots. Give us the real old cider vinegar 

 for all that. Do you wish to know how to make 

 it.' Just take an oaken cask, and put it, during 

 warm weather, in the garret, under the eaves, where 

 it will be warm. Into this turn one or two gallons 

 of clear, fermented cider — leave the bung out: in 

 two or three weeks this will be sharp vinegar, with 

 mother to receive additional supplies of cider, which 

 may be turned into it every little while, till the bar- 

 rel is full. — Maine Cult. 



