XIX. N'>. 17. 



A X D HO il 1- 1 C U L 1' u K. A L, K. £ G I S T E R 



131 



in NiMv lioiltord. The I'.liuriiclcr of this apple furjtl 

 the ti')le and b.-ikiiif^ stands vr»ry hiyh. 



.I'lhn Hooper, Jr, Esq., of M nblehcad, pxhibiled 

 til ' followiiiiT pears, viz : Beiirre ]")iel, Duchess ri' 

 A".'-;'oiileiiie, Pnsse Cilmar, Jospphii>n, and one sort 

 unknown to tlie committee: they were fine and 

 lar'iO spo(-lrncns, some of them rem.irkabli.' as bcinj;' 

 th ' pnidncp of trees imported tlie ;ii«sont year froiii 

 Fr.ince by Snmni'l G. Poriiin^, 10si|. 

 For the Coinmitt"e, 



ROBERT MANNING. 



BEST AGE OF ']'HE HORSE. 



Sinie difference ol' opinion appear.s to e.xi:-t iis to 

 till* time in which the liorse i.^ iiest fitted to per- 

 form Ubor, or r:ilher respecting- the a^e at which a 

 liur.it.' intended for hibor nan be most profitably pnr- 

 chi.sed. Tliere is a ironeral feeling in favor of 

 yiHin^- horse.s, and most individuals who wished a 

 a Imrso to perform hard work for five or six years, 

 would chouso one not more than four years old to 

 be^in \ ilb. We doubt whether this would bo liie 

 best course, and imagine tliiUone of seven years of 

 ape, will for five or six years do more work, and be 

 more confidently relied on, than one younger. It 

 is vi'ry true that where a tarmi^r or other person i.' 



the great miser, never aljowcd a colt to be broki ii ; fine of .'jjlO and costs of prosecution ; and told hiin 

 until six years old ; and when his horses >vori" that if lie ofTended in this way again the line ivould 

 twenty or more years of age, his animals always ' be increased tp $20 and the costs. 



led the fii.dd in the chase. .Stagecoach prop'rietora 

 do not consider a horse past the most severe pace, 

 or age, until after their si.vti'entii year. It must bo 

 admittf'd, hr)W(<ver, that mncli is depending on con- 

 stitution and trnal(nenl, and when these are good, 

 a horse lasts rnnch longer than has been generally 

 supposed. It is stated in an English journal, that 

 at this time there is a surgeon near Fiusbury Square, 

 Loiidim, who has a grey mare upwards of forty 

 years of age, which still does her work in admira- 

 ble style. At thii!ty-si,\' years of age, this animal 

 perfiu-med the distance of eighty miles a day, on 

 two successive days; and one hundred miles in 

 one day, and without e.xhibiting any indications of 

 being severely tasked. An extraordinary instance 

 of what the horse can perform,, is given in the New 

 York Spirit of the Times of June 6th, from which 

 it appears that the horse Fito, a six year old geld- 

 ing, on the 12th of May, trotted betweet; sun and 

 sun, one hundred and six miles, carrying 470 lbs. 

 The match toidc place near Boston. 



We tliink we hazard little in the as.=;erti(>n, that 

 while no animal is rnorc deserving of attention to 

 lis improvement than the horse, there is- none to 



Ancient Pe 



ear 7'/wv. — The ancient Pear Tree, 

 planted in Ki'Jt;, by Govrrnor Endicott, cm his farm 

 in Danvers, is yet in full- lif-, and has this year 

 produced a crop of good pears. It is a Bon Chre- 

 tien. 



In Eastham, on Cape Cod, is another Pear Tree, 



planted in 3640, by Gov. Prince, in his garden. 



It is a flourishing lolty tree, ami produces on an 



average fifteen bushels a year. 



Lately there were two Pear Trees, standing in 



the garden of the Wyllis famijy, at Ilartfm-d, which 

 I was brought from England to Connecticut in IftW ; 



and also, tliere was lately another in third avenue, 

 jin .New York, which was brought from Holland and 

 j planted in Uil/. 



int,endmg to keep or wear out liis horse, one at fimr, I ,„, • , ,, r r i-..i 



" , "^ , , , , ', . ' 1 which, among the mass of our farmers, so little at 



may properly enough be chosen ; liut where nve or 



six years of seve're labor, without regard to other 



circumstances, is required, an older horse is unques- 



tionably to be preferred. 



.\ ;)riucipal reason, and in our opinion a decisive 

 one, for choosing !i horse of greater age than four 

 years for severe work, is, that at that age, the horse is 

 imm-iture, and of course unfit for great or long con- 

 tinued exertion. They have tlie life and the spirit, 

 but the muscular energy is wanting. The bones 

 have not acquired the hardness, and the tendons 

 the firmness, nece.-^sary to prolonged ctfoi-t, and any 

 acticm in which these elements are essential to suc- 

 cess, must either end in a failure, or be aix-omplish- 

 ed at an injurious expenditure of physical energy 

 and power. We may learn much respecting the 

 capacity of animals li)r labor, from what we know of 

 the effects of muscular exertion on ourselves. The 

 man under twenty may be active and capable of a 

 great effort, but he is wanting in the powers of en- 

 dui-.-ince. There is not the firmness of muscle es- 

 sential to severe and continued action. Taking the 

 comparative ages to which man and the horse live, 

 as a standard, and allowing that the man is incapa- 

 ble of his greatest and continued efforts, until he 

 is twenty-five or past, the. iiorso should certainly 

 not be less than seven or eight, to answer the same 

 conilitious. Overtasking does not produce the 

 same efi'ect on the man, as it does on the boy ; and 

 the horse at twelve, will scari:ely feel fatigue at 

 eiiorts which would have ruined him at the age of 

 three or fimr. Light loads, short stages, and fre- 

 quent slops while traveling, may enable a young 

 horse to make a journey, without iniory ; but where 

 a heavy load is to be moved, or a quick pace is re- 

 qnirrd, or on a farm a thick sward is to be turned, 

 a horse under se'ven or ei;;ht, should not be chosen ; 

 and at such severe work, the eight year old, will 

 last longer than the tour year old. 



Il is a saying among English sportsmen, that 

 what is required for a first rate iuinler, or a horse 

 of gveat work, is youn^t logs and an (dd mouth ; 

 tiial is, horses that h.ive done little until five or 

 six, and of course while their limbs are elastic, aie 



tf-ntion is paid. Il is enough, if the animal attach- 

 ed to the carrage or the plow is a horse ; it mat- 

 ters but little- what is his performance, or his bear- 

 ing; and unfortunately, sui-h as are unfit for the 

 ineri-st drudges, are selected to perpetuate tiie race. 

 For our farm horses, we do not want the Arabian 

 or the English blood horse : we require more 

 weight, more bone and muscle, than these afford; 

 but we do want some of their actvviiy, and powers 

 of endurance, and all these desirable qualities, it is 

 believed, can be obtained by a proper selection, 

 and by crossing.. Some of the best horses in Eng- 

 land, for the carriage or the farm, are the produce 

 of a cross between tiie Cleveland bay, or the Suf- 

 folk I'unch, and a half blood horse, combining- the 

 essential requisites of weight and action, as far as 

 they can be united ; and that a similar process 

 here, would be attended with the same beneficial 

 results, does not admit of a question. Farmers 

 should discard ihetaricatures of ibis noble aniinal, 

 that disgrace their pn-mises ; in breeding, give a 

 preference to good, rather than to rlicap catJe ; be- 

 ware working their colts too young, or loo severe- 

 ly ; let the food correspond to tlie labor ; and al- 

 ways remember that " it is the pace that kills the 

 horse ;" whatever may be his business, or his con 

 ditiun. — Albany Cultivator. 



Preservirtcr If inter .flpples. — We believe the se- 

 cret of preserving winter apples depends greatly 

 upon doing every thing 'ttifZ/, as well as upon the 

 mode. 



As preserving them in barrels Is generally found 

 most convenient, a fe.v suggestions under this head 

 may not be nnaccptable. 



The apjiles having been carefully picked, and 

 great care should be exercised in this particular, ag 

 rotting generally conmiences at bruise.s, tijey are 

 to be ciirefully laid in the barrels, very gently sha- 

 ken down, and when the head is put in, it should 

 press upon them sufficiently to prevent all rattling 

 when the barrels are removed. This pressure nev- 

 er injures them nor causes them to rot, if the bar- 

 rels are not opened before the apples are needed 

 for use. A layer of straw is found to do more in- 

 jury than good. The barrels should then be placed 

 on the north side of a building, or the co(dest place 

 to be obtained, [irotected from rain by boards, until 

 the approach of very severe weather, when they 

 are to be removed to the cellar, where tliey should 

 remain undi.-turbed until needed for use. The 

 cooler apples can be kept without freezing, the less 

 liable are they to decay. — A^eio Genesee Far. 



Market hagons. — Mr. IMoses Charnbcrlin, of 

 Braintree, was brought up before the Police Court 

 of Boston last week on the complaint of Daniel 

 Rhodes, Esq. Clerk of Faneuil Hall Maiket, from 

 selling provisions frona a wagon within the limits 

 of tiis Market, contrary to a City by-law which 

 prohibits persons from selling- in that manner, un- 

 less they actuallyreside more than fifteen miles 

 from the city, and bring to market the produce of 

 their own or their neighbors farni.s. Mr. Rhodes 

 said the defendant had vio'ated this hiw many 

 times, and had been fi'm-d cmce or twice, but paid 

 no attention to the notice or the entreaties of^ the 

 city officers. The example which he aflorded to 

 others induced frecjuont violations of the law, and 

 causi'il much troubl.j at the iMarket. The Couit, 



at the same tune in fnfl muscular vigor. Elwcs, upon this view ot the case, ordered him to pay a 



Cheesein Ohio. — We find in the Cincinnati Dai- 

 ly Chrcmicle, a very interesting article on the sub- 

 ject of cheese, its consumption arid the extent of 

 its manufacture in ttie West. In 189.3, two o-en- 

 tlernen of Poitage county, Ohio, commenced supply- 

 ing the river towns with this article by bringinn- it 

 to Cincinnati in a skiff about I.'iOO lbs of cheese. 

 From this small boainning, the business has in- 

 creased till their sales have amounted, for the last 

 six years, to between SOO and .300 tons per annum, 

 three-fourths of whicli is sold in Cincinnati, the 

 balance in Louisville and other towns down the 

 river. In the single township of Aurora, in Por- 

 tage CO. Ohio, there have been mide between '250 

 and 3:0 tons of cheese yearly, for the last ten 

 years, v.'hich has netted the farmers about 6 cents 

 per lb. (uie year withing another. The arnount of 

 Western Reserve cheese sold in Cincinnati yearly, 

 IS estim.-ited at between 800 and ilOO tons, for the 

 last six years, and is annually increasing. The 

 price is generally ranged from 7 to 9 cents, and 

 has been as high (in the autmmn of 18.38) as 1'2 1-3 

 cents ; It lias nevc-r been so low before, as at pres- 

 ent, G 1-2 cents, for ten years past. 



