vol,. XIX. NO. 34. 



AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, 



•269 



year — spread and harrowed in about 20 loads of 

 heap manure, and 10 loads of well rotted manure 

 in the hill. 



7. I prefer ploughing green sward late in tlie 

 spring rather than in the fall, for planting ; hut the 

 difference between spring and fall is not more than 

 the inconvenience of doing all the work in the 

 spring ; the best prepared green sward land for 

 planting that I ever had, was by the use of Prouty 

 & Mears's green sward plouoh, laying a furrow of 

 12 inches or more wide perfectly llat, and of the 

 depth of inches, then rolling with a heavy roller, 

 after which passed over with a heavy harrow once, 

 with one or more yoke of oxen, and then passed 

 over both ways with a cultivator and horse. 



8. I mowed 74 loads of herds grass and clover 

 this year from 37 acres, averaging from 11-2 to 2 

 tons per acre. 



9. I have no land that is situated for irrigation 

 that could be benefited by it. 



10. Never manure any land I mow: consider 

 the loss of the manure more than the worth of the 

 hay ; and choose not to have the droppings of my 

 cattle beat to pieces to become dry and raked in 

 among the hay, but let it remain untouched, and it 

 will produce more grass, or else cart it off to the 

 field, which I frequently do. 



11. About 11 acres not suitable for ploughing, 

 of meadow and swail hay, produced 19 loads, mak- 

 ing 12 or more tons. 



12. Three acres ot a dead, worthless swamp, 

 from which there was no outlet for the water until 

 I sunk a drain for about 25 rods to the depth of 

 from two to four feet, through loam and gravel 

 land, which being done enabled me to plough, 

 plant and sow with grass seed, which from present 

 appearances is likely to produce as much as any 

 land whatever. 



13. Planted this season about four acres of corn ; 

 the kind of manure such as is made by the con- 

 sumption of the produce raised, by neat stock, horses 

 and hogs, applied after ploughing; spread and 

 harrowed in about 20 loads in the green stale, and 

 10 loads of fine rotted manure in the hill to the 

 acre ; planted about three feet apart every way, 

 and hoed so as to make as little hill as possible ; 

 the product, (>.5 bushels to the acre. 



14. Planted three acres with potatoes, on two of 

 ■which I spread 20 loads to the acre of a compost 

 made of about one tenth barn yard manure and the 

 residue meadow mud upon sward land, producing 

 150 bushels to the acre. 



15. Raised no other vegetables than potatoes ; 

 do not think that our climate is adapted to the 

 profitable use of the root culture; believe that raw 

 vegetables, in severe winter climates, given to cat- 

 tle, produce a relax and weakness, which in a warm- 

 er climate no doubt is beneficial. 



16. Sowed four acres with oats, about 2 1-2 

 bushels of seed per acre, upon land that I had the 

 year previous planted with corn one year only, 

 without grass seed, and only harrowed them in: 

 produce 30 bushels to the acre ; and one acre of 

 barley producing 40 bushels. 



17. This year sowed no grass seed ; every other 

 year I sow all the land I have in tillage with grain 

 and grass seed. 



18. The only means of making manure is by 

 raising and consuming produce of hay, corn or 

 vegetables by neat slock, horses and hogs, and the 

 usual means of preserving it, by the free use of 

 straw, worthless hay, loam or meadow mud, and 



keeping cattle, horses and hogs well littered both 

 in the stable and yard. 



19. Five oxen, 13 cows, 3 two-year old heifers, 

 1 bull and 2 horses; one barn 02 feet long and 30 

 wide, cellar under the whole; a linter upon the 

 south side of 10 feet in the barn, and a linter in the 

 cellar of 10 feet, for the lying of the cattle under 

 the bay in front of those above, and the manure of 

 the two linters are thrown together underneath the 

 cattle above. At the north-easterly corner of the 

 cellar there is constant running water, which all 

 the cattle when in the yard may have free access to. 

 One other barn of 40 feel by 24, one barn of 30 

 feet by 60, and a third part of one barn holding 10 

 tons of hay, and one other barn I occupy, of 21 

 f^et by 20. 



20. My cows and bull are of my own raising, 

 being mostly a mixture of native and foreign breed. 



21. Calves raised by drinking milk, until I can 

 get them to live upon grass, which will be in the 

 course of 6 or 8 weeks. 



22. Made only one .seventh part of the milk in- 

 to butter, and have no account of it ; the residue 

 of milk was sold, 3975 gallons, for $396 76. 



23. Never kept any sheep. 



24 and '-^5. Formerly, before selling milk, I used 

 to keep through the summer from 8 to 10 hogs up- 

 on the skirnmed milk, and with a little additional 

 expense in the fall, would make them weigh from 

 400 to 500 lbs. each : this year kepi 1 sow and 

 her 10 pigs, which are not yet fattened. 



26. Hogs have free access to the cow yard, and 

 lodge in a part of the barn cellar. 



27. I have employed one man by the year and a 

 boy for eight months, from the first of last April, 

 paying them $200; the residue is occasional help, 

 for all which I have paid by the day, $76 02. 



28. My apple trees, were from three to seven 

 years since, all natural fruit, during which time 

 there may have been 200 or more engrafted with 

 various kinds of fruit, but mostly Baldwins, so that 

 year before last, for the first, I sold about 60 bbls. 

 of apples and this year over 100 barrels. The 

 residue of apples, amounting to about 100 bushels, 

 grew upon trees not worth engrafting, and will be 

 soon cut down. I have likewise set out 200 or 

 more apple trees, some of which are flourishing and 

 others are not. 



29. Of peaches, pears and plums a comfortable 

 supply. 



30. Have never been troubled with canker norms 

 since grafting the trees, and from observation am 

 induced to believe that rotten, decaying apple 

 trees are better suited to raise canker worms and 

 caterpillars than apples. 



31. No ardent spirit is used by any person while 

 in my employ, to my knowledge and belief, nor 

 have I found it necessary to make any contract for 

 seven years past, that none should be used, other 

 than what would arise from implication that I should 

 find all the food and drink necessary to perform 

 my labor; and if what I find does not suit, they 

 must seek employ elsewhere. 



In the year 18341 left off keeping a public house, 

 and in the \>'inter of 1835 I kept 6 oxen, 3 horses, 

 and 20 cows, and paid that year for labor about 

 $500, and sold, according to accounts then kept, 

 as follows : 



Cash rec'd for hay and straw, $437 39 



' ' Potatoes, oats, barley and 



corn, 331 40 



' ' Butter, cheese and calves, 474 11 



' 3437 lbs. pork, net gain over 



cost of hog, 207 61 



' Net gain upon beef cattle, 84 85 



$1,535 36 

 In 1836 sold for cash and paid for labor, $455 48. 



Hay, potatoes, corn, 



1347 lbs. butter, 



14 calves. 



Fat cattle, 



2805 lbs. pork, at 12 cts. 



83 lbs. do. at 11 els. 



1 pig' 



$1337 44 

 In 1837 sold for cash and paid for labor, $349 88. 



17 calves, 



4.55 lbs. butter, 



3309 gallons of milk. 



Potatoes, corn, rye and hay. 



Pork, 



Beef cattle. 



$51 72 

 113 55 

 579 39 

 392 93 

 158 63 

 197 64 



$1493 80 



For the three last years I have been unable to 

 sell hay at such price as I consider advantageous ; 

 it has accumulated and remains undisposed of; and 

 I have therefore no separate account of the three 

 last years. 



All which is respectfully submitted to the com- 

 mittee of the Trustees of the Massachusetts Agri- 

 cultural Society for their consideration. 



FirCH WINCHESTER. 



Southboro\ Dec.2\st, 1340. 



For the New sEngland Farmer. 

 ENGRAFTING. 



Mr Editor — A small experiment in engrafting 

 which I tried the last year, proved so satisfactory 

 that I am disposed to communicate it to the public 

 through your paper, hoping that others may try it 

 the ensuing spring more extensively. 



I had occasion to engraft a middling sized apple 

 tree upon six branches, setting two scions in each 

 branch. I cut down the scions to two buds each, 

 and covered the upper ends of one half with en- 

 grafting wax, putting it on warm. They were set 

 about the middle of April, and in all other respects 

 their chances for growing were equal. About the 

 middle of May leaves were entirely developed up- 

 on all those which were covered with wax, and not 

 a bud had burst open at that time on those which 

 were not covered, although they afterwards all 

 leaved out and grew well. 



It has seemed to me that the loss by evapora- 

 tion from the upper end of a scion, might frequent- 

 ly turn the scale between living and dying, where 

 it was so set as to receive but little nourishment 

 from the stock, and in all cases the stopping of the 

 evaporation may occasion an earlier and more vigo- 

 rous growth. Yours, &c. 



R. NEWTON. 



Worctsttr, Jan. 12, 1841. 



The dog is the only friend in adversity who 

 never forsakes his master when all the world have 

 forsaken him. 



Wear thy old coat till thou canst pay for a new 

 one. 



