VOT,. XTX. NO. 38. 



AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, 



299 



bered tlint this fertility, so evidently designed for 

 tlie continuation of tlie species, is commonly the 

 last effort of the vital enerfjy of the plant, anil tlie 

 exhiinslion produced by the perfecting of the fruit, 

 usually terminates in death. Now I believe that 

 when oichards are plouglied, after having remained 

 in sod many years, it frequently happens thai some 

 of the trees, and sometimes many of them, after 

 being thus mutilated by the plough, produce large 

 quantities of fruit and then dwindle away, leading 

 the oun('rs to the conclusion Ihat the ploughing 

 was productive of the best effects to the orchard, 

 but that afterward, some cause, with which they 

 were not acquainted, destroyed or injured it. The 

 foregoing remarks apply principally to clay soils, 

 or those in which the roots of trees penetrate down- 

 ward with difficulty, and which are, in general, not 

 the best situations for orchards; there are loose 

 soils, of various kinds, in which not only the roots 

 of trees pass down freely, to the utmost limit of 

 their natural growth, but, owing to the openness of 

 soil and isubsoil, the water that falls sinks so as to 

 leave the ^:rass roots v.'ithout sufficient moisture, but 

 furnishes it to the roots of trees during a long time, 

 in which it percolates slowly till it reaches the re- 

 motest limit ihey have attained. These are hungry 

 and poor soils for farming, but valuable for grow- 

 ing timber; and, in some of the best varieties of 

 these soils, orchards produce fine fruits in great 

 abundance. 



To clo-ie: I believe the only crop that should be 

 taken from the orchard should be the fruit, and 

 that it should not be cultivated with grain or grass, 

 with a view to obtain crops, and consequently not 

 subjected to the rotation system. The question 

 then renuiins. Should the orchard be ploughed, or 

 not ? I believe trees may live to the natural extent 

 of life and produce well, under either mode of treat- 

 ment. If the non-ploughing system is adopted, 

 the grass that grows should not be mown or pas- 

 tured, but be permitted to fall upon the ground ; and 

 it would thus retain the moisture nearly in the same 

 way that fallen leaves retain it in forests, which 

 seems to be nature's method of storing and furnish- 

 ing moisture gradually to the roots of trees. Hogs 

 should be permitted to range through the orchard 

 at times during the period that the unripe fruit falls, 

 as they destroy inpirious insects, and prevent their 

 increase. If the method of ploughing every year 

 is adopted, I would prefer to do it in the spring, as 

 soon as the ground was in good order, and then 

 BOW with oats and clover seed ; when the oats were 

 about half grown, or rather less, pasture them close, 

 with cattle, and then take out the cattle, permit- 

 ting the hogs to range occasionally, as bofore. The 

 clover will cover the ground so as to afford some 

 protection from the summer's sun and winter's cold, 

 and when plouglied in the succeeding spring, will 

 aid in enriching the ground ; and this in some soils 

 will (with the lime that should occasionally be 

 spread upon the surface, after harvest) be sufficient 

 to keep it fertile. In other soils it will be necessa- 

 ry to add manure periodically; but whether the 

 ploughing or non ploughing system shall be adopt- 

 ed, the fertility of the soil must be kept up by lime 

 and manure, when necessary. A, W. C, 



WORKING BUTTER. 

 It has been a custom in our family, time oul of 

 mind, not to use any water in working butler, un- 

 der the impression that the latter would be injured 

 "y such contact, and disposed to become rancid. 

 Instead therefore of washing out the buttermilk, it 



is carefully worked out with a wooden ladle. The 

 following CKtract from the account of the Holstein 

 dairy system, will explain the whole affair: 



" The churning being completed, the butter is 

 taken oft" by means of a large wooden ladle, and 

 carried in a tub directly to the butter cellar, wliere, 

 in a large trough, very smoothly polished off inside 

 and provided with a plug hole at the lower extrem- 

 ity, the butter is slightly worked, and sailed with 

 the purest salt; then moulded with a wooden ladle 

 into a mass at the upper end of the trough, and left 

 for some hours to drain. In the evening it is tho- 

 roughly heal, or rather slapped. 



"The bullor in llolstein is seldom if ever wash- 

 ed, as water is believed not only to rob it of its 

 richness and flavor, but as being itself susceptible 

 of putrefaction, and inimical to the preservation of 

 the butter." — JVew Geiiesee Far. 



From the Albany CuUivalor. 



EXTRAORDINARY SECRETION OF MILK. 

 Messrs Editors — Having seen an article in 

 the Cultivator of November last, with the captii>n, 

 "Extraordinary Secretion of Milk," and having 

 been personally knowing to a cirsiimstance some- 

 what similar to some of those mentioned in that 

 article, I have thought best to give a brief sketch 

 of the facts. Many years since, I was directed by 

 an uncle, with whom I was then living, to turn a 

 two-year old colt into a back pasture, by which 

 means she would be not only out of sight, but 

 alone and apart from any other domestic animal. 

 At this time the grass had began to show quite a 

 green appearance, it being about the middle of 

 May. In about six weeks from this time, I discov- 

 ered quite an enlargement of the udder ; supposing 

 the cause to proceed from some injury, I hastened 

 to inform my uncle, who with myself and a third 

 person, repaired to the lot without delay, and after 

 a thorough examination, could find not the slight- 

 est injury whatever, but on the contrary, free from 

 every appearance of having had an application of 

 means being used calculated to produce milk; and 

 which was proved more fully by the exertions on 

 the present occasion of stripping, which was con- 

 tinued for some time before the milk came ; from 

 this time until late in the fall after, she was milked 

 daily, giving a quart at a time by actual measure- 

 ment, when with some care she was dried off. 



D. P. S. 



GOOD SENTIMEN PS. 



Agriculture is the nursery of patriotism and vir- 

 tue. 



Agriculture, aided by science, will make a little 

 nation a great one. 



Science must combine with practice to make a 

 good farmer. 



A wise government will not be slow in fosterino' 

 the agricultural interest. 



All the energy of the hero and all the science 

 of the philosopher, may find scope in the cultivation 

 of one farm. 



If you separate science from agriculture, you rob 

 a nation ol its principal jewel. 



Whatever may be the nature of your soil, and 

 situation of your farm, remember that there is no 

 soil so good, but it may he exhausted and ruined 

 by bad tillage, and that there is none so bad that 

 cannot be rendered fertile by good tillage. 



DO.MESTIC ECONOMY. 



Few persons consider the importance of sm'itl 

 savings. The trifling sum of ten cents a day 

 saved or wasted for thirty years amounts to ten 

 thousand and ninety-five dollars without interest. 



The journeyman mechanic, who saves two hun- 

 dred dollars a year, and keeps it at compound in- 

 terest, may at the end of nine years set up fur him- 

 self, with a thorough knowjedge of his trade, and 

 of men and business in general, and with a clear 

 capital of nearly twenty three hundred dollars. 



A man who saves one hundred dollars each 

 year, from twenty one, and in like manner keeps 

 it at interest, will have at fifty-five, over ten thous- 

 and dollars to support him in old age, dispose of by 

 will or otherwise leave to his heirs. 



Let mo not be supposed to advocate unnecessary 

 parsimony or avaricious hoarding. I envy not the 

 sordid miser — whose god is gold — the selfish op- 

 pressor of the poor — the friend of none, respected 

 by none. His heirs wish him dead, and will soon 

 quarrel over and scatter his accumulated hoards. 

 He knows it, and is really more wretched than the 

 well fed pauper. 



On tlie other hand, extravagance — a waste of 

 property — is unjustifiable even in the rich. They 

 are accountable to God for their conduct and the 

 use they make of money ; they have no moral 

 right to annihilate it. They need not give it 

 away to support the idle, this would be worse than 

 wasted, it would be criminal ; but they can give 

 employment to the industrious and remunerate 

 them fully for their labor. Parents that waste a 

 thousand dollars a year in extravagance, proliably 

 to ruin their own children, would do well to con- 

 sider how much good that sum might do in sup- 

 porting and educating twenty orphan, neglected, 

 or morally exposed, children. 



LEGISLATIVE AID TO AGRICULTURE. 



We are gratified to learn that the Agricultural 

 Committee of the House of Assembly have reported 

 a bill for the benefit of agriculture. Us provisions 

 are such as will, we are inclined to believe, meet 

 the approbation of the great mass of our farmers. 

 It appropriates the sum of seven thousand dollars, 

 to be distributed to the County Agricultural Socie- 

 ties in the ratio of ^.'iO to each member of Assem- 

 bly, and the balance of the appropriation, $600, to 

 the State Agricultural Society — the money not to 

 be paid to the several societies until they have 

 raised an equal sum. If this bill shall be passed, 

 and we cannot doubt but what it will be, it will 

 give a new and powerful impetus to agricultural 

 improvement. Small as the sum appropriated is, 

 it will have the effect to bring into existence asso- 

 ciations for the advancement of agriculture in all 

 our counties, and their action will be extended to 

 every town, so that, more or less, every individual 

 may participate in the benefits to be derived from 

 these associations. — Albany Cult. 



Jin excellent Potato Pudding. — Take eight 

 ounces of boiled potatoes, two ounces of butter, 

 the yolks and whites of two eggs, a quarter of a 

 pint of cream, one spoonful of white wine, a little 

 salt, the juice and rind of a lemon ; beat all to 

 froth, and sugar to taste. 



Be indulgent to other's faults, but implacable to 

 your own. 



