VOL. XIX. NO. 45. 



AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, 



355 



do no harm, either to the healthy worms or those 

 that may be affected with other diseases, and is 

 cheap and easily applied. The remedy is a free 

 application o( air-slacked Hint to the worms, and al- 

 so to the floors of the cocoonery, and whitewash- 

 ing all the wood-work of the fixtures. The lime 

 i should be sifted through a tine sieve on the loorms, 

 two or three times a wecli if healthy, and once a 

 ! day if diseased, in the iiiorninir before first feeding, 

 ] and after cleaning the hurdles. The quantity of 

 1 lime to be sifted on the worms may be just suffi- 

 ' eient to whiten the worms and leaves well ; and it 

 should be commenced when the worms are half 

 grown, say twelve to fifteen days old. This reme- 

 dy has, during the |)ast two years, enabled those 

 persons in France who used it to save and obtain 

 cocoons from ninetyseven per cent, of all the worms 

 hatched. 



Now that we knoto vve have this formidable dis- 

 ease amongst us, it becomes necessary that the 

 remedy should be applied ; and, ag there are very 

 few, if any, who know the disease by sight, [ would 

 most earnestly recommend that the remedy be ap- 

 plied in all cases, ivhether the worms are sickly or 

 rot; for it is even nioie effectual as a preventive 

 than as a remedy, and, as before stated, will do no 

 harm to either healthy or sickly worms. 



GIDKON B. SMITH, 

 Editor of the Silk Journal, Baltimore, Md. 



SMALL BIRDS GREAT BLESSINGS. 

 1 wish our intelligent farmers could be awaken- 

 ed to the importance of preserving robins, and oth- 

 er small birds, as a means of aiding in their work. 

 The inhumanity which suffers every lazy lubber of 

 a boy, who can rest an old king's arm over a stone 

 wall, to kill or frighten every poor linnet that sings 

 in the fields, and every robin-red-breast that dares 

 eat an unripe cherry, and save a child from the 

 dysentery, is a short-sighted piece of selfishness. 

 These liarmless birds live upon grubs and other 

 worms, and insects, and the slight inroads they 

 make upon the farmer's crops are repaid an hun- 

 dred fold, by the protection they afford against a 

 thousand destroyers. These birds, if not fright- 

 ened, will become so tame as to perch on the hand, 

 or light on the plough, as it turns over the furrow. 

 No good farmer should fail to teach his boys to 

 spare and cherish these harmless and often tuneful 

 visitants to his fields and orchards. Like the good 

 man in one of our western towns, who plead so 

 earnestly for the poor crows, in our Legislature a 

 few years since, I would enforce the legal penal- 

 ties for trespass, against any one who shot them 

 on my land. The crows, too — nature's livino- 

 mouse-traps — instead of being a tame, almost do- 

 mestic bird, as in some other countries, where far- 

 mers have been taught their value by long experi- 

 ence, have been frightened into mean pilferers 

 of unwed corn-hills I A good crow is worth a 

 bushel of wheat or other grain, to the acre, and 

 sometimes ten ! A knowledge of ornithology and 

 not penal laws, is what our farmers and their sons 

 need to induce them to regard their true interests 

 in this matter. — Farmer^s Gaz. 



Poor ground deeply stirred, is preferable in many 

 cases to rich ground with shallow tillage ; and 

 when the ground has been deeply moved once, it 

 feels the benefit for ever after. 



To preserve seeds in long voyages, mix them 

 powdered sugar and roll them tight in paper. 



From the Farmer's Cabinet. 

 ANTI-FRICTION. 



He who makes hard things go easy, dcserres praise. 



If horses could speak, no doubt they would often 

 complain of the excessive friction of curt and wag- 

 on wheels. 



It should be the duty, as it is unquestionably 

 the interest, of every farmer in the country, to see 

 to the state of his wheels at frequent intervals, and 

 lessen the friction of them to the lowest possible 

 degree. The horse is an interesting and useful 

 animal, and has but a dogged life of it under the 

 most favorable circumstances, and therefore he 

 ought to have his interest and comfort duly con- 

 sidered and attended to. Those who oppress 

 beasts unnecessarily, always add to their own bur- 

 dens by increasing their expenses; for all domes- 

 tic animals pay well for kindness and care. A 

 horse will be more useful, and last imich longer 

 under kind and Christian treatment, than when he 

 is subjected to unnecessary hardship and extreme 

 drudgery. 



A horse always draws with the greatest efl^ect 

 when the line of draught is inclined upwards, so as 

 to make an angle of about 1.5 degrees with the 

 horizon ; for at this inclination the line of traction 

 is set at right angles to the shoulder, all parts of 

 which are then equally pressed. When part of 

 the weight presses on the back of the horse, he 

 will draw a load which else he would be incompe- 

 tent to move ; hence, a horse can accomplish more 

 in a cart properly loaded, than he could otherwise. 



The question in regard to the material most 

 proper to be applied to wheel-carriages to dimin- 

 ish friction, is one of great importance, and every 

 well-wisher to the interests of farmers, ought to 

 lend some aid in solving it. All the varieties of 

 grease, tar, and their combinations have been re- 

 sorted to; and there are other substances which 

 have of latter years been adopted to lessen the 

 friction of machinery ; .such as black lead and soap 

 stone pulverized, and mixed with small quantities 

 of fat of some kind. Yet I have seen no results 

 of comparative experiments published to instruct 

 and guide the public. Should any of the readers 

 of the Cabinet possess practical knowledge on this 

 useful and interesting subject, they would much 

 oblige some of your readers by making it public 

 through your columns. We have many antVs in 

 our widely extended country, but we want one 

 more, in the form of an anti-friction composition, 

 for application to cart and wagon wheels, to make 

 them revolve with less labor to our horses ; and he 

 who will discover and make it known through the 

 Cabinet, will deserve well of the community at 

 large. Z. 



CAPITAL. 

 There is no mistake more common nor more in- 

 jurious, than that of supposing that the more land a 

 man holds, the greater must be his profits, for the 

 profit does not arise from the land itself, but from 

 the manner of using it; for the best soil may be 

 made unproductive by bad management, while the 

 worst may be rendered profitable by the opposite 

 course ; but without sufficient capital no land can 

 be properly cultivated ; at the same time, there is 

 nothing to which capital can be applied with great- 

 er certainty of a fair return for liberal expenditure, 

 when correctly employed, than land. In fact, as- 

 suming always that the expenditure be directed 



with judgment, it will be found that the profit up- 

 on the outlay increases in more than a proportion- 

 ate degree to its amount; thus, supposing twenty- 

 five dollars be the lowest, and fifty the highest 

 sum that can be employed in the common culture 

 of thn same acre of land, it is more than pr(;bable 

 that if twentyfive dollars return at the rate of ten 

 per cent., the fifly dollars will yield twenty, or any 

 intenncdiato sum, at the same progressive ratio. 

 And admitting this to be true — and it is presumed 

 no experienced agriculturist will doubt it — it fol- 

 lows, that a capital of ."jOCO dollars, expended in 

 the cultivation of !^00 acres, will only yield a pro- 

 fit of 500 dollars, while, iP applied to no more than 

 100 acres, it would produce 1000 dollars; there- 

 fore, it is evident that his profit would be increas- 

 ed by diminishing the quantity of his land. Many 

 a man has been ruined by'a large farm, who might 

 have acquired a competency with one of half the 

 size. Most farmers are anxious for large occupa- 

 tions, and njany are thus betrayed into the error of 

 taking a greater (|uantity of ground than they have 

 the means of managing to advantage ; some, in the 

 delusive hope of acquiring those means by future 

 savings; others, from the vanity of holding more 

 land than their neighbors. Hence arises deficien- 

 cy of stock, imperfect tillage, aud scanty crope, 

 with all the consequent train of rent in arrear, wa- 

 ges ill paid, and debts unsatisfied — distress, duns, 

 and final ruin! While he who prudently com- 

 mences, with only such a number of acres as he 

 has the power of cultivating with proper effect, is 

 certain of obtaining the full return from the soil, 

 and not being burdened with more land than he 

 can profitably enjoy, his engagements are within 

 his means; and thus, while enjoying present ease 

 of mind, he lays the surest foundation for future 

 prosperity. It therefore behoves a man to weigh 

 well the charges with his means, and never allow 

 himself to be seduced by any ideal prospect of 

 gain, into the imprudence of entering upon a lar- 

 ger farm than his property will enable him to man- 

 age with the spirit necessary to insure success. — 

 British Husbandry. 



Make your own Measures. We give below a 

 rule by which every one can easily make his own 

 measures. 



A barrel contains 10,752 cubic inches. A box 

 24 inches long, by IC inches wide, and 28 inches 

 deep, will liold just a barrel. 



A half barrel. Make a box for this 24 inches 

 by 16, and 14 inches deep. This will contain 

 5,376 cubic inches, or just half a barrel. 



A bushel. This has 2,150 4-10 cubic inches. 

 A bushel box will be 10 inches by 16 8-10 inches 

 square, and 8 inches deep. 



Half bushel. A box 12 inches long by 11 2-10 

 inches wide, and 8 deep, will hold just half a bushel. 



Peck. A box 8 inches by 8 4-10 inches square, 

 and 8 inches deep, is a peck. 



Half a peck is 8 inches square and 4 2-10 inches 

 deep, or 268 8-10 cubic inches. 



A half gallon. This contains 134 4-10 cubic 

 inches. A box 7 inches by 4 8-10 inches deep 

 has just that quantity. 



Quart. 4 inches by 4 inches 4 2-10 deep. — 

 Bait. Farmer. 



Although the devil is the father of lies, he seems, 

 like other great inventors, to have lost much of his 

 reputation by the improvements that have been 

 made upon him. — Swift. 



